Breast cancer survivors with obesity are at a high risk of cancer recurrence, comorbidity, and mortality. This review aims to systematically evaluate the effects of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) on body composition, lipid homeostasis, inflammation, adipokines, cancer-related fatigue, sleep, and quality of life in breast cancer patients and survivors with overweight/obesity. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases from inception up to January 8, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for the analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess eligible studies, and the GRADE method to evaluate the quality of evidence. A random-effects model was used, and data were analyzed using mean (MD) and standardized mean differences (SMD) for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We assessed the data for risk of bias, heterogeneity, sensitivity, reporting bias, and quality of evidence. A total of 17 randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review involving 1,148 female patients and survivors (mean age: 54.0 ± 3.4 years). The primary outcomes showed significant improvements in body mass index (SMD -0.57 kg/m2, p = 0.04), body fat (SMD -0.50%, p = 0.02), fat mass (SMD -0.63 kg, p = 0.04), hip circumference (MD -3.14 cm, p = 0.02), and fat-free mass (SMD 1.03 kg, p < 0.001). The secondary outcomes indicated significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD -0.05 mmol/L, p = 0.008), natural killer cells (SMD 0.42%, p = 0.04), reductions in triglycerides (MD -81.90 mg/dL, p < 0.01), total cholesterol (SMD -0.95 mmol/L, p < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor α (SMD -0.89 pg/mL, p = 0.03), and leptin (SMD -0.63 ng/mL, p = 0.03). Also, beneficial alterations were found in cancer-related fatigue (SMD -0.98, p = 0.03), sleep (SMD -1.17, p < 0.001), and quality of life (SMD 2.94, p = 0.02) scores. There was very low to low confidence in the estimated effect of most of the outcomes. The present findings reveal that CART could be considered an adjunct therapy in supporting the conventional clinical approach observed following exercise. However, further high-quality research is needed to evaluate whether CART would be a valuable intervention to lower aggressive pharmacologic use in breast cancer patients with overweight/obesity.

Background: The potential advantages of concurrent aerobic and resistance training (CART) for enhancing cardiometabolic health-related outcomes appear to surpass the outcomes of engaging in aerobic or resistance training alone. The present study aimed to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the effects of CART on body composition, lipid metabolism, and physical function in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to August 7, 2024. The review focused on randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials of CART. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess eligible studies, and the GRADE method to evaluate the reliability of evidence. A random-effects model was used and data were analyzed using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 22,878 studies were retrieved; only 20 studies were included, and data were extracted from 1,289 participants (57.0 ± 7.0 years; 31.1 ± 4.6 kg/m²) who met the eligibility criteria. CART group significantly reduced body fat percentage (SMD −0.42, 95% CI [−0.70 to −0.15]), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (SMD −0.32, 95% CI [−0.62 to −0.02]), triglycerides (SMD −0.48, 95% CI [−0.71 to −0.24]), total cholesterol (SMD −0.35, 95% CI [−0.58 to −0.12]), and fasting blood glucose levels compared to standard treatment (non-exercising controls). CART significantly increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (SMD 0.44, 95% CI [0.05–0.82]) and improved physical function (cardiorespiratory fitness: SMD 78.78, 95% CI [46.30–111.25]; muscular fitness: SMD 5.19, 95% CI [1.80–8.59]) compared to standard treatment. There were no significant differences in body mass, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, and lean body mass between CART and standard treatment. An uncertain risk of bias and poor quality of evidence were observed in the eligible studies. Conclusions: The present results indicate clear evidence that CART has a beneficial role in the improvement of several cardiometabolic health-related parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and concomitant overweight/obesity. More trials with robust methodological design are needed to investigate the dose-response effects, training parameters formation, and potential mechanisms.

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity present substantial challenges to global public health, marked by their widespread prevalence and associated morbidities. The ensuing complications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome, cancer, liver disease, and neurodegeneration, underscore the urgent need for effective preventive measures. Despite this, primary prevention of CVD ...

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiometabolic health-related indices in patients with type 2 diabetes and concurrent overweight/obesity (diabesity). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to October 2024. The search strategy included the following keywords: diabetes, aerobic exercise, and endurance training. RCTs comparing aerobic exercise training ≥2 weeks in duration to standard treatment were considered eligible. Participants were adults with diabesity. A total of 1391 middle-aged/older adult patients (55 % females) were included in 34 RCTs. Body mass index [standardized mean differences (SMD) -0.18 kg/m², 95 % confidence intervals (CI) -0.36 to -0.01]. waist circumference (SMD -0.23 cm, 95 % CI -0.44 to -0.03), body fat (SMD -0.30 %, 95 % CI -0.59 to -0.01), fasting blood glucose (SMD -0.49 mmol/L, 95 % CI -0.72 to -0.27), glycated hemoglobin (SMD -0.79 %, 95 % CI -1.17 to -0.41), fasting insulin (SMD -0.44 mIU/L, 95 % CI -0.72 to -0.15), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (SMD -0.72, 95 % CI -1.09 to -0.35), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD 0.32 mg/dL, 95 % CI 0.01 to 0.63), triglycerides (SMD -0.33 mg/dL, 95 % CI -0.63 to -0.04), and total cholesterol (SMD -0.28 mg/dL, 95 % CI -0.47 to -0.10) improved compared with standard treatment. These results underscore the beneficial role of aerobic exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention in managing and treating patients with diabesity when compared to standard treatment, despite the presence of considerable uncertainty in several outcomes.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) complications are the most common cause of morbidity in diabetic patients. Bioptron light therapy is a new adjuvant therapy for wound healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polarized light therapy on the healing and microbial nature of DFUs. Methods: Forty type 2 diabetic patients with Wagner grade 1 or 2 DFUs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the light therapy group, which received Bioptron light therapy using the Bioptron lamp for 12 min three times per week, plus standard wound care, or the control group, which received standard wound care only. Both interventions were given over a 2-month period. Wound surface area, volume, and ulcer microbial cultures were all measured before and after the study period. Results: There was a significant reduction in ulcer surface area between groups in favor of the light therapy group, with a relative ulcer size reduction of 51.44% ± 23.76% compared with 24.5% ± 9.6% in the control group (p < 0.001). Besides, a significant difference was observed between groups in the microbial cultures (p = 0.02); by the end of the 8th week, the number of patients with negative ulcer culture was 12 (60%) in the light therapy group compared with 3 (15%) in the control group. Conclusions: Bioptron light therapy seems to be an effective therapeutic intervention combined with standard care in decreasing wound size and reducing ulcer microbiota for DFUs. It reduces ulcer bacterial infection and speeds up ulcer healing. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04446767.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of Life Kinetik (LK) exercises on balance, agility, jumping performance, proprioception, and cognitive functions in recreationally active preadolescents participating in fencing. The study lasted 8 weeks and included 22 preadolescents recreationally engaged in fencing, aged 11.6 ± 1.2 years, with an average weight of 49.5 ± 10.5 kg and an average height of 157.5 ± 10.0 cm. Preadolescents were randomly assigned to either the LK group or the control group. The experimental group participated in LK exercises twice per week, with each session lasting one hour. The results indicate that the changes in Stroop, agility, vertical jump, and proprioception test performance between the pre-test and post-test for the control group are not statistically significant. However, the LK group showed statistically significant improvements in Stroop, agility, and vertical jump performance between the pre-test and post-test (p < 0.001). Conversely, the change in proprioception test performance between the pre-test and post-test for the LK training group was not statistically significant. The changes in star balance test performance between the pre-test and post-test for the control group was not statistically significant. In contrast, the LK group showed a statistically significant improvement in star balance test performance between the pre-test and post-test (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that while LK exercises are effective in boosting overall athletic performance, they may not be sufficient for developing specific skills such as proprioception. The randomized controlled trial was registered on 04/01/2025 at ClinicalTrials.gov, under the registration number NCT06781268.