Harmful insects become bio-waste after they are collected for plant protection purposes. It is very important industrially to transform these bio-wastes into technological materials rather than incineration. Caligula japonica damages many plants such as walnut, chestnut, and apple, reduces fruit yield and even causes the trees to die. In this study, a three-dimensional natural chitin film was produced from the head of the C. japonica pupa, which is collected in large quantities from nature. As a result of the FTIR analysis, it was revealed that the produced films were in the form of alpha chitin and consisted of nanofibers that could be observed very clearly according to SEM analysis. The maximum degradation temperature of the resulting chitin film was measured to be 367.8 °C. As a result of XRD analysis, two sharp peaks were recorded in 9.42 and 19.52 which are characteristic for chitin. The cytotoxicity analysis performed on L929 revealed that the chitin film did not have any cytotoxic effect at 24th, 48th and 72nd hours. As a result, a natural, three-dimensional, nanofiber film with biocompatible properties was produced to be used in future biomedical applications.

Nanotechnology is the science of controlling materials at the atomic and molecular levels. With the use of nanomaterials for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, the field of molecular nanotechnology has emerged, enabling nanoelectronic biosensors and individual medical applications. One of the most important areas in nanomedicine is drug targeting. In drug targeting, different targeted nanocarriers are used. The aim of drug targeting is the transport, absorption dispersion of the active substance to the selective site. Undesirable effects may occur if the dose rate falls below a sufficient amount or exceeds the toxic level. Today, drug carrier nanosystems are used, reducing the dose of active ingredient to eliminate these unexpected situations,prolonging dosing frequency, purify toxic effects,distributes the active ingredient to the desired area. These carriers are materials which that carry a variety of drugs or imaging agents. In this study, drug targeting and drug delivery systems will be discussed. For transporting drugs to specific or difficult-to-reach sites in the body, nanocarriers are targeted, with various agents or differences in structure. Drug delivery systems are divided into various classes as micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. There is a need to use an effective and suitable carrier system for effective entry into the cell.

Extensive research on amphibians has focused on areas such as morphological and molecular taxonomy, ecology, embryology, and molecular phylogeny. However, the structure and biotechnological potential of egg jelly—which plays a protective and nutritive role for embryos—have remained largely unexplored. This study presents, for the first time, a detailed physicochemical analysis of the egg jelly of Pelophylax ridibundus, an amphibian species, using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analyzer, X-ray Diffraction, and elemental analysis. The carbohydrate content was determined via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis, and the protein content was identified using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry analysis. Additionally, it was revealed that this jelly exhibits a significant cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells (viability < 30%) while showing no cytotoxicity on healthy dermal fibroblast cells (viability > 70%). Consequently, this non-toxic, biologically derived, and cultivable material is proposed as a promising candidate for cancer applications, paving the way for further research in the field.