Prediabetes, a state between normoglycemia and diabetes, is increasingly affecting population health; thus, it should not be overlooked. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy of aerobic exercise on blood glucose indicators among those with prediabetes. Five databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL, were searched up to September 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials measuring the effect of aerobic exercise on blood glucose levels among individuals with prediabetes. Data on fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were extracted. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on intervention duration, weekly exercise duration, and volume. In total, 2518 relevant records were initially retrieved, and 16 studies were included in this systematic review, with 14 providing sufficient data for meta-analysis. Compared to the control group, the weighted mean difference (MD) for FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c was −1.33 (95%CI: −1.87, −0.89), −1.00 (95%CI: −1.60, −0.39), and −1.05 (95%CI: −1.49, −0.61), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that pooled effect size for FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c was greater in the subgroup subjected to ≥48 weeks of intervention compared to the subgroup subjected to ≤24 weeks of intervention, although only the difference in FBG was significant (p < 0.05). Weekly exercise longer than 180 min/week led to greater reductions in FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c compared to weekly exercise shorter than 150 min/week, and only differences in 2hPG were not significant (p > 0.05). Total weekly exercise of 1314–1323 MET·min/week led to greater reductions in FBG and HbA1c levels compared to 975–1080 MET·min/week (p > 0.05). Aerobic exercise effectively decreases FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c and controls blood glucose levels. The volume and duration of aerobic exercise are important factors affecting the reduction in blood glucose levels, exhibiting a positive correlation within a specific range. Aerobic exercise can serve as a viable therapeutic approach for reducing the risk of diabetes among individuals with prediabetes.

Background: Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental health disorders among children and adolescents, with diet quality emerging as a modifiable risk factor. However, evidence regarding the association between comprehensive diet quality and mental health in school-aged children remains limited. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 400 Chinese children aged 8–12 years. Diet quality was assessed using the low-burden Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ), from which three Global Diet Recommendations (GDRs) scores were derived: GDR-Healthy, GDR-Limit, and total GDR. Depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC), respectively. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between GDR scores and mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, comorbidity). Subgroup analyses stratified by age and sex were conducted to explore heterogeneity. Results: Higher total GDR scores were associated with lower risks of depressive symptoms (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.96), anxiety symptoms (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.99), and their comorbidity (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79–0.97) after adjustment for age, sex, zBMI, physical activity, region of residence, only-child status and parental education. The GDR-Healthy score was independently associated with lower risks of depression symptoms (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83–0.96) and comorbidity (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.95), while no significant associations between GDR-Limit score and mental health disorders were observed. Subgroup analyses indicated that the association was consistent across sex and age subgroups. Conclusions: Better diet quality and particularly higher intake of health-protective foods is associated with lower risks of depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity symptoms in Chinese school-aged children in this cross-sectional study. These findings support the integration of diet quality monitoring and nutritional interventions into public health strategies to promote mental health in children.

Background: The causal connection between morning diurnal preference and psychiatric disorders remains enigmatic. Using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we aim to explore the potential causal associations between morning diurnal preference and seven prominent psychiatric disorders. Methods: MR is a genetic epidemiological method that leverages genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer causal associations between exposures and outcomes. We obtained morning diurnal preference data from genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets and identified 252,287 individuals as morning people. Psychiatric disorder data were sourced from the FinnGen consortium R9 dataset. Our primary analysis used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach to evaluate the overall causal effect by combining the estimates from each genetic variant. Addition analyses, including weighted median, MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and simple mode techniques were conducted to ensure robustness. Results: Being a morning person is related to reduced odds of multiple psychiatric disorders, including depression or dysthymia (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.999), anxiety disorders (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.96), self-harming behaviors (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.99), substance-use disorders (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.93), alcohol dependence (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.92), alcohol use disorders (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.94), acute alcohol intoxication (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.96), schizophrenia (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.92), and schizophrenia or delusion (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.92). Alcohol dependence (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.999) and alcohol use disorders (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99) were also related to a lower morning diurnal preference. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that being a morning person is a protective factor for various psychiatric disorders from a genetic perspective. The results provide insights for potential targeted interventions to improve mental wellbeing.

Objective: Current guidelines recommend discontinuing screening for women≥65 years with a history of normal primary cervical cancer screening results. However, the necessity of continued screening in this population remains debated. This study aims to evaluate the importance of cervical cancer screening in women aged≥65.Methods: This retrospective study analysed cervical cancer screening data from Shenzhen (2017–2023) to assess the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV), the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and the association between hr-HPV and CIN2+ risk in women aged≥65 and <65, comparing the two age groups.Results: A total of 2 152 766 records were analysed, including 17 420 women aged≥65 (0.81%). The hr-HPV prevalence in women aged≥65 was 13.67%, with a CIN2+ detection rate of 3.33‰ and a cancer rate of 0.92‰, compared with 8.08%, 1.55‰ and 0.1‰, respectively, in women aged<65 (all p<0.001). Single, double and triple hr-HPV infections were found in 10.56% (n=1839), 2.32% (n=404) and 0.57% (n=99) of cases in women aged≥65, with CIN2+ detection rates of 2.01%, 2.73% and 4.04%, respectively, all exceeding those aged<65 (all p<0.001). The most common genotypes in older women were HPV52, HPV16, HPV58, HPV56 and HPV68, with HPV18, HPV16 and HPV33 being major causes of CIN2+, along with frequent double infections such as HPV52/58, HPV16/52 and HPV52/56, while CIN2+ was predominantly associated with HPV33/39, HPV35/31 and HPV18/39, which differ from those in younger women. A dose-response relationship between hr-HPV infections and CIN2+ risk was observed in women aged≥65 (p for trend<0.001). ORs for CIN2+ were 55.86 (95% CI 21.81 to 143.07), 65.95 (95% CI 22.63 to 192.18) and 85.45 (95% CI 24.15 to 302.35) for single, double and triple or more hr-HPV infections, respectively, but the ORs were lower in women aged<65.Conclusions: Women aged≥65 bear a higher cervical cancer burden than those<65. Moreover, hr-HPV infections and their pathogenicity exhibit unique patterns in this older group. Therefore, targeted screening and intervention are essential for women aged≥65. Tailored strategies should be implemented based on national contexts.