Cultural heritage embodied in traditional crafts is an integral part of any nation which reflects the culture and tradition of a particular region. Although the importance of handicraft has been widely recognized, the literature regarding preservation of traditional craft is scarce. The present paper aimed to explore and identify issues faced by traditional craftsmanship in developing countries and to address those issues in order to contribute to the sustainability of traditional craft heritage and ensure continuous transmission of craft skills and knowledge from generation to generation. Our study identified several key issues which poses substantial challenges to the preservation of traditional craft heritage in developing countries. In order to add empirical evidence, we examined the case of Pakistani handicraft industry that provided further understanding of highlighted issues which traditional craft heritage face. We have suggested some policies to promote, develop and preserve the traditional craft heritage. The significance of these policy suggestions is underlined with the case study of Pakistan.

The progress of commercial VR headsets largely depends on the progress of sensor technology, the iteration of which often means longer research and development cycles, and also higher costs. With the continuous maturity and increasing competition of VR headsets, designers need to create a balance among user needs, technologies, and costs to achieve commercial competition advantages. To make accurate judgments, consumer feedback and opinions are particularly important. Due to the increasing maturity in the technology of commercial VR headsets in recent years, the cost has been continuously decreasing, and potential consumers have gradually increased. With the increase in consumer demand for virtual reality headsets, it is particularly important to establish a perceptual quality evaluation system. The relationship between consumer perception and product quality determined by evaluations of experience is improving. Using the research method implemented in this work, through semi-structured interviews and big data analysis of VR headset consumption, the perceptual quality elements of VR headsets are proposed, and the order of importance of perceptual quality attributes is determined by questionnaire surveys, quantitative analysis, and verification. In this study, the perceptual quality elements, including technical perceptual quality (TPQ) and value perceptual quality (VPQ), of 14 types of VR headsets were obtained, and the importance ranking of the VR headsets’ perceptual quality attributes was constructed. In theory, this study enriches the research on VR headsets. In practice, this study provides better guidance and suggestions for designing and producing VR headsets so that producers can better understand which sensor technology has met the needs of consumers, and which sensor technology still has room for improvement.

E-commerce virtual anchors’ live-streaming sales represent a critical intersection of virtual human technology and artificial intelligence (AI), paving the way for new developments in digital marketing. Recent advancements in AI have significantly enhanced the intelligence of virtual anchors, driving increased consumer acceptance. As intelligence is a key determinant of user adoption, this study employs a mixed-methods approach combining grounded theory and quantitative analysis to conceptualize, structure, and measure virtual anchor intelligence. The grounded theory results reveal that virtual anchor intelligence encompasses multiple capabilities—manifested in guidance, recognition, analysis, and feedback during human–computer interaction, which enable effective hosting and sales performance. Four core dimensions of intelligence are identified: guidance intelligence, recognition intelligence, analysis intelligence, and feedback intelligence. Following established protocols for scale development, we constructed and validated an 18-item measurement scale, demonstrating strong reliability and validity. Empirical findings indicate that while guidance intelligence exerts an adverse effect on consumer participation, the remaining dimensions have positive effects, mediated by perceived shopping value. This study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and measuring virtual anchor intelligence, elucidating its underlying mechanisms. The findings lay a theoretical foundation for future research on e-commerce virtual anchors but also offer practical implications for optimizing live-streaming strategies and advancing the design of virtual humans.