Bamboo has garnered significant attention over the past two decades as a sustainable resource with a wide array of environmental benefits and emerged as a crucial resource in addressing global sustainability challenges. This systematic review synthesizes bibliometric data from the Web of Science (WOS), spanning 2004–2024, to explore the role of bamboo in global sustainability, focusing on its environmental advantages, biodiversity contributions, carbon sequestration potential, and the ecosystem services—provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural, it provides. Despite growing interest in bamboo’s ecological benefits, substantial research gaps exist regarding its long-term effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as well as the full extent of its role in mitigating climate impacts. This review aims to address these gaps by providing a comprehensive analysis of published research and offering new insights into bamboo’s multifaceted contributions to a number of environmental benefits and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). The novelty of this review lies in its integration of bibliometric analysis and qualitative synthesis, ensuring a more thorough understanding of trends, key research areas, and potential future directions. The methodology includes data extraction from WOS, followed by trend analysis, citation mapping, and thematic synthesis. Key findings reveal that bamboo plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration, biodiversity preservation, and soil conservation, while also enhancing water quality and mitigating land degradation. This indicates bamboo’s transformative potential in addressing climate change, promoting biodiversity, and supporting sustainable livelihoods. Furthermore, the study identifies critical gaps in research and policy integration, stressing the need for coordinated global efforts to fully realize bamboo’s benefits including its adaptability across different ecosystems, as well as its potential in combating global challenges such as climate change and deforestation. This review offers implications for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking sustainable solutions in land management, climate action, and biodiversity conservation. The findings underscore bamboo’s unique potential as an eco-friendly, low-cost, and scalable solution for fostering global sustainability. The benefits of this study extend to promoting bamboo’s integration into conservation practices and green infrastructure projects globally.

Mangrove ecosystems play a pivotal role in global carbon storage, biodiversity maintenance, and coastal resilience, yet research remains fragmented, often isolating these functions rather than examining their interconnections. Critical gaps persist regarding spatial variability in carbon stocks, the functional role of biodiversity, and the long-term resilience benefits of mangroves under climate change and anthropogenic pressures. This systematic review synthesizes global evidence from 2000 to 2024, integrating carbon dynamics, biodiversity functions, and resilience attributes of mangrove ecosystems. Unlike previous reviews, this study adopts a distinctive mixed-methods framework that integrates quantitative scientometric analysis with qualitative synthesis of carbon sequestration parameters, biodiversity indicators, and vulnerability evaluations. Literature was sourced primarily from Scopus using targeted search strings ("mangrove," "carbon sequestration," "biodiversity," "coastal resilience"), with screening guided by the PRISMA framework. From over 2300 initial records, 1356 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed using Biblioshiny (R package) and VOSviewer to map research trends, collaboration networks, and thematic clusters, revealing an exponential growth in publications post-2015. Results indicate that mangroves sequester carbon at a mean rate of 174 g C m^-2 yr^-1 (range: 95-235 g C m^-2 yr^-1), with total carbon stocks reaching up to 1745 Mg C ha^-1, surpassing many terrestrial forests. The Pacific and Southeast Asian regions exhibit the highest carbon densities. Mangrove biodiversity, supporting over 2000 species, underpins essential ecological functions including nutrient cycling, soil accretion, and carbon retention. Additionally, mangroves provide coastal protection for more than 150 million people by stabilizing shorelines and reducing erosion. Restoration could recover an estimated 390 million metric tons of CO₂ equivalent, underscoring its potential for climate mitigation. However, accelerating habitat loss, human pressures, and insufficient policy enforcement threaten their sustainability. This synthesis emphasizes the urgent need for integrated, cross-disciplinary conservation frameworks that unite carbon, biodiversity, and resilience perspectives to enhance climate adaptation and inform evidence-based policy.

Modified biochar based remediation has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing potentially toxic elements (PTE) in soils, owing to its diverse physicochemical properties and environmental compatibility. Most prior reviews focus on pristine biochar for wastewater treatment, overlooking the enhanced potential of modified biochars in soil based PTE remediation. This review establishes a clear linkage between the pristine biochar modification methods to surface chemistry changes and novel immobilization mechanisms, while also evaluating field applicability and long-term risks. A bibliometric analysis of 1170 publications from 2010 to 2024 was conducted to map international collaborations, thematic evolution, and knowledge hotspots. Results showed that research themes clustered around bioremediation processes, metal adsorption/immobilization mechanisms, and biochar based pollution control. The analysis revealed a shift from foundational studies to application-driven research, with a surge in interest toward modified biochars and complex contaminant interactions after 2021. Biochar production parameters and post-synthesis modifications critically shape its functional properties, which in turn govern key immobilization mechanisms. However, field efficacy of modified biochar is influenced by environmental factors. Additionally, aging processes and potential metal remobilization pose long-term sustainability concerns. Modified biochars offer a context-dependent but promising tool for sustainable soil remediation, contingent on addressing their environmental trade-offs and implementation challenges.