Growing antibiotic resistance complicates H. pylori eradication, posing a public health challenge. Inconclusive research on sociodemographic and clinical factors emphasizes the necessity for further investigations. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the correlation between demographic and clinical factors and the success rates of H. pylori eradication. A group of 162 H. pylori-positive patients were allocated randomly to receive either a ten-day moxifloxacin-based triple therapy or a levofloxacin-based sequential therapy. Eradication success was determined through the stool antigen test. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to figure out potential factors that contribute to H. pylori eradication success. Significantly higher H. pylori eradication rates were observed in the middle age group (COR: 3.671, p = 0.007), among females (p = 0.035), those with BMI ≥ 25 (COR: 2.011, p = 0.045), and non-smokers (COR: 2.718, p = 0.018). In multivariate analysis, age and smoking emerged as significant predictors (p < 0.05). Patients with comorbidities, excluding diabetes and hypertension (COR: 4.432, p = 0.019), dyspepsia (COR: 0.178, p < 0.001), and moxifloxacin triple therapy (COR: 0.194, p = 0.000), exhibited higher chances of eradication (p < 0.05). Further research is vital for tailored approaches to enhance eradication success.

Background: Web-based pharmacy apps facilitate the electronic exchange of health-related supplies. They are digital platforms that run on websites and smartphones. Pakistan is experiencing significant progress in smartphone integration and digital services, leading to the expansion of the online pharmacy business. However, concerns remain over the legitimacy and precision of these apps. Objective: The aim of this study was to undertake a thorough assessment of digital pharmacy apps accessible in Pakistan. Specifically, our focus was on apps accessible via the Google Play Store and the iOS App Store. To fulfill this objective, an evaluation of these apps was performed using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). Methods: A research investigation was conducted to analyze the online pharmacy apps in Pakistan. Initially, 50 apps were identified, but 10 were excluded for not meeting pre-established criteria, 10 were excluded for being in languages other than English, and 7 could not be downloaded. All paid and non-English apps were also excluded. A total of 23 apps were selected for the study, acquired via the Google Play Store and iOS App Store. The evaluation was conducted by 2 researchers who maintained independence from one another by using the MARS. Results: Initially, 50 apps were identified, of which 27 were excluded for not meeting the predetermined criteria. A total of 23 apps were selected for the study, acquired via the Google Play Store and iOS App Store. Strong positive correlations between higher user engagement and better app functionality and information quality were observed. The average rating of the 23 apps ranged between 2.64 and 4.00 on a scale up to 5. The aesthetics dimension had the highest mean score of 3.6, while the information dimension had the lowest mean score of 3.2. For credibility and reliability, different tests (intraclass correlation, Cohen κ, Krippendorff α, and Cronbach α) on each dimension of the MARS were performed by using SPSS Statistics 27. The intraclass correlation of all MARS dimensions ranged from 0.702‐0.913 (95% CI 0.521‐0.943), the Cohen κ of all MARS dimensions ranged from 0.388‐0.907 (95% CI 0.151‐0.994), the Krippendorff α of all MARS dimensions ranged from 0.705‐0.979 (95% CI 0.657‐0.923), and Cronbach α had a lower score of 0.821 in the information dimension and a higher score of .911 in the subjective quality dimension of the MARS. Conclusion: This study evaluated online pharmacy apps in Pakistan by using the MARS. It is the first study on online pharmacy apps in Pakistan. The findings of the evaluation have provided insights into the reliability and efficacy of these apps.

Environmental pollutants and lifestyle severely threaten human and animal health, leading to disturbances of various functions, including infertility. So, exploring a safe treatment that could effectively reverse infertility remains a challenge. The current study was intended to explore the fertility-enhancing effect of Juglans Regia oil in two successive generations of rats; F₀ and F₁. J. Regia oil was initially tested for in vitro antioxidant assay via ROS and DPPH, followed by in vivo toxicity testing. In the fertility assessment, eighteen pairs of male and female rats (n=36, 1:1, F₀ generation) were divided into three groups and dosed with 1 mL/kg and 2 mL/kg daily of J. Regia oil and saline, respectively, up to pre-cohabitation, cohabitation, gestation and lactation periods. The reproductive performance, including body weight, live birth index, fertility index, and litter size, was assessed. Hormonal and antioxidant markers of F₁ generations were assessed with the histopathological evaluation of male and female organs. The oil of J. Regia showed great antioxidant potential (P < 0.05) in DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) methods (P<0.05). The continued exposure of the F₀ and F₁ generations to J. Regia oil did not affect body weight, fertility index, litter size, and survival index. We have found pronounced fertility outcomes in both genders of F₀ and F₁ generations with J. Regia 2 mL/kg/day in comparison to the control. Results showed that J. Regia significantly increased (P < 0.05) luteinizing hormone (LH), plasma testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in both generations. Histology of both generations reveals improved spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis with enhanced architecture. Altogether, the present results suggest that J. Regia improved fertility in both male and female rats by improving hormonal activities and oxidative stress.