Objective: Cochlear receptors are sensitive to vibratory stimuli. Based on this sensibility, bone-anchored hearing aids have been introduced to correct unilateral or bilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss and unilateral deafness. The vestibular system is also sensitive to the vibratory stimulus and this type of response is used in clinics to test its functionality. Being aware of this double separated sensibility, we wondered whether bone vibration, which activates the acoustic receptors of patients with bone conduction aids, can also influence the functionality of the vestibular system. Methods: To this end, we recruited 12 patients with a bone-anchored hearing aid and evaluated their vestibular function with and without an activated vibratory acoustic device. Results: Our results show that the vibratory stimulus delivered by the bone conduction aid also reaches and stimulates the vestibular receptors; this stimulation is evidenced by the appearance or modification of some nystagmus findings during bedside vestibular testing. Despite this, none of these patients complained of dizziness or vertigo during prosthesis use. Nystagmus that appeared or changed during acoustic vibratory stimulation through the prosthesis was almost all predominantly horizontal, unidirectional with respect to gaze or body position, inhibited by fixation, and most often consistent with vestibular function tests indicating peripheral vestibular damage. Conclusions: The findings of sound-evoked nystagmus seem to indicate peripheral rather than central vestibular activation. The occurrence of some predominantly horizontal and high-frequency induced nystagmus seems to attribute the response mainly to the utricle and lateral semicircular canal.

Purpose: Otoendoscopy represents the initial non-invasive diagnostic cornerstone for external and middle ear disorders. Recently, new techniques of enhanced imaging such as narrow-band imaging (NBI) have been introduced but their role as a potential aid in otological practice remains unproven. In this pictorial review, we want to present the potential application of this endoscopic method, highlight its limitations, and give some hints regarding its future implementation. Methods: Representative cases of external and/or middle ear pathologies were selected to illustrate the role of NBI in this regard. Results: NBI may represent a useful aid in the otological work-up, in the differential diagnosis of ear tumor-like masses, and, possibly, in the prognosis of tympanic perforations. For other ear disorders, instead, this technique does not seem to add anything to the standard clinical practice. Conclusions: NBI might prove useful in the assessment of selected external and middle ear disorders but its role must be prospectively validated.

Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate the incidence of recurrence of acquired cholesteatoma and functional outcomes in patients who underwent CWD tympanoplasty with cavity obliteration using an inferior-based musculoperiosteal flap. A comparison between children and adults was conducted. Methods: All surgeries performed by the same expert surgeon from 2016 to 2019 were considered for the study. Patients younger than 18 years old, operated on at Meyer’s Children Hospital, formed group A. Patients older than eighteen, operated on at Santo Stefano Hospital, formed group B. Clinical, audiological, and radiological data were collected from medical records. The Air Bone Gap (ABG) was used to assess the audiological results, and outpatient evaluations were considered to detect cases of recurrence. Results: Group A and Group B are composed of 23 and 25 patients, respectively. The postoperative ABG is 30.7 dBHL in group A and 29.5 dBHL in group B. The rate of recurrence is 17.2% in children and 8% in adults. The recurrence of cholesteatoma occurred in five children (21.8%) after an average follow-up of 18 months and in three adults (12%) after an average follow-up of 24 months. Conclusion: The surgical approach to CCOM in children aims to be as conservative as possible. The greater extension of the pathology is correlated with a greater erosion of the ossicular chain. According to our experience, open tympanoplasty with the obliterative technique allows us to obtain good anatomical and audiological outcomes, both in adults and children.