Brazil is the world’s largest producer of charcoal. Therefore, there is need for improvement in the gravimetric yield of conversion and the reduction of gas emissions, including greenhouse gases (GHGs), released during carbonization. The objective was to apply the methodology of Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) to evaluate the emission of GHG, mainly CO₂ and CH₄. The charcoal production kiln-furnace system used was composed of 4 kilns with a capacity of ~6 t of wood, each. The MRV cluster of coal gravimetric yield and gas burners were used to determine the gravimetric yield and burner efficiency and thus evaluate the emission of GHGs generated in the carbonization system. The carbonization was performed in an isolated way producing, in total, 3.34 t of charcoal, with an average gravimetric yield of 25.82%. The MRV methodology was effective for evaluating the GHG emissions. The wood burner reduced by 50% the methane burning and provided a reduction of 0.392 tCO₂ eq (23.91%). The humidity of wood and high precipitation were the main limiting factors in this research, and responsible for the decrease in the gravimetric yield. The kiln-furnace system was effective for a sustainable production with the use of non-continuous carbonization gas burners.

Deforestation is a complex problem worldwide caused mostly by the increase in farming activities. Despite the Brazilian Cerrado being the most biodiverse savanna in the world, this biome is threatened by high deforestation rates. The present study aimed to evaluate deforestation in in São Francisco municipality – Minas Gerais state in Brazil's southwestern region, analyzing changes in land cover between 2012 and 2020 focusing on forest, savanna, and grassland physiognomies, and predicting changes in the land cover for the year 2030. It was evaluated metrics of density and size, edge, shape, core area, and proximity. The forest and savanna fragments suffered a reduction in area (0.92% and 12.60%, respectively) and core area, and also increased its proximity. On the other hand, the grassland physiognomy increased its total area (12.72%), nuclear area, and distance from the other fragments. In general, the forest fragment and savanna fragments tended to be elongated and irregular. For 2030, a scenario is predicted with increasing grassland and decreasing forest and savanna. Those changes in the landscape can threaten the region's biodiversity, so public policy attention is needed to the conservation of the fragmented areas.

This study was carried out aimed to genetic inheritance analysis of 14 characteristics in ornamental peppers. Eight ornamental Capsicum annuum lines were crossed to produce a diallel set without reciprocals. The 28 F1 hybrids and their parents were arranged in a completely randomized design, with three replicates and two plants per plot. Data were subjected to variance analysis and subsequent diallel analysis performed according to Hayman's method. The t statistic was used to test the adequacy of the additive-dominance model. Canopy diameter, plant height, first bifurcation height, stem diameter, days to fruiting, leaf length, leaf width, fruit mass, fruit dry matter content, fruit diameter and yield manifested epistasis. For days to flowering and number of fruits per plant additive effects were more important, in this way selection in segregating generations will be quite efficient. These two traits exhibited partial dominance and fruit lenght exhibited overdominance it is being recommended to explore heterosis. The expected limits for the reduction of the average number of days to flowering is 89 days, for the increase in the number of fruits it is 96 fruits and for the reduction of the fruit length it is 6 milimeters. UFSJ 1 has the highest concentration of dominant genes to reduce days to flowering and fruit length averages and UFSJ 8 has the highest concentration of recessive genes to increase the number of fruit, so these parents are indicated for selection for continued breeding program.