We propose a new strategy using a sandwich approach for the detection of two HF biomarkers: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) (MNPs@aminodextran) were biofunctionalized with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using bis (sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS₃) as a cross-linker for the pre-concentration of two biomarkers (TNF-α and IL-10). In addition, our ISFETs were biofunctionalized with polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) (TNF-α and IL-10). The biorecognition between pAbs immobilized on the ISFET and the pre-concentrate antigen (Ag) on MNPs was monitored using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Our developed ImmunoFET showed a low detection limit (0.03 pg/mL) toward our target analyte when compared to previously published electrochemical immunosensors. It showed a higher sensitivity than for other HF biomarkers. Finally, the standard addition method was used to determine the unknown concentration in artificial saliva. The results matched with the expected values well.

This contribution presents the results of our study on spatio-temporal availability in satellite-to-indoor broadcasting. We compare the performance of single and multiple antenna arrays consisting of theoretical and measured antennas with various polarimetric radiation patterns and coupling effects for different satellite elevation angles. The spatial satellite to indoor channels are obtained by a 3D ray tracing engine and by a geometry-based channel modeling tool. The temporal fluctuations of the channels are modeled by the PDF of a truncated normal distribution and are based on satellite-to-indoor measurements. The additional antennas at the receiver reduce both the spatial and the temporal variability of the received power, leading to a significant reduction of the transmit power required to achieve the same target availability. The simulation results suggest that the spatial correlation in the line-of-sight room area is higher than in the non-line-of-sight room area. In the line-of-sight areas, the best performance is achieved by multiple circularly polarized receive antennas. For elevations higher than 50 in the non-line-of-sight areas, a combination of horizontally and vertically (orthogonal) polarized antennas shows the best performance, especially if high availabilities are considered. Furthermore, the influence of coupling effects between closely spaced receive antennas on the availability is studied. In general, antenna coupling effects should be handled by increasing the required link margin. The influence of the temporal changes due to a person movement on the availability is found to be not very significant.

This contribution studies the spatio-temporal availability of satellite links inside typical indoor environments. The spatio-temporal satellite-to-indoor channels are obtained by a 3D ray tracing engine and by a geometry-based channel modeling tool. In this paper the temporal fluctuations of the channels have been modeled based on satellite-to-indoor measurements. Here the performance of single as well as multiple receive antennas with different polarimetric radiation patterns are compared for different satellite elevation angles. The results show that additional antennas placed at the receiver reduce both the spatial and temporal variability of the received power, leading to a significant reduction in transmit power necessary for the same target availability.