The study and analysis of urban water consumption habits in different regions contribute to the development of strategies aimed at secure water reduction and distribution. Within this context, knowledge of global water availability and the analysis of factors that influence consumption in different regions in distinct situations become extremely important. Several studies have been carried out in a number of countries and describe different approaches. The objective of this article is to learn about the strategies used in water consumption forecast and analysis. Most of the studies analysed seek to understand the factors influencing consumption in different building types. When it comes to residential buildings, the number of residents and the influence of economic issues on water consumption have an important role in this matter. In this context, pieces of research present the use of awareness campaigns as a strategy towards water use reduction. As a contribution, this article presents a systemic view of the pieces of research conducted and their contribution to forecasting water consumption in different regions. In conclusion, one observes the importance of analysing the factors influencing water consumption in different regions and scenarios, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article can help managers and researchers understand the main factors that influence water consumption and how this consumption takes place in different regions.
27 June 2018 in Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering
This study aims to evaluate the application of discarded tire rubber waste and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) in mortar. For mortars fine aggregate was replaced by 10%, 20% and 30% of rubber and, 7.5% and 15% of EPS. We have verified the consistency, density, amount of air and water retentitivity in fresh state. The compressive strength, water absorption, voids ratio and specific gravity have been also tested in hardened state. The application of rubber powder contributed to the increase in entrained air content and in reducing specific gravity, as well as reducing compressive strength at 28 days. The addition of EPS also contributed to the increase of workability, water absorption and voids ratio, and decreased density and compressive strength when compared to the reference mortar. The use of rubber waste and EPS in mortar made the material more lightweight and workable. The mortars mixtures containing 10% rubber and 7.5% EPS showed better results.