Through solvothermal reaction of In(NO₃)₃·5H₂O and a highly conjugated carboxylate-based tritopic linker, a doubly interpenetrated indium–organic framework, 1, has been successfully prepared. As revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the isolated 1 displays an anionic framework and channel-type interior spaces replete with imidazole rings and free carboxylate oxygens. Due to its unique structural features, 1 demonstrates not only selective adsorption of cationic MB concomitant with anionic MO molecules with high selectivity, uptake, and adsorption rate, and good reversibility and recyclability, but also photocatalytic activity to efficiently decompose dyes MB and MO under the illumination of either UV or visible light due to the formation of MB@1 and MO/1 composites. The new finding of visible light responsive MB@1 and MO/1 composites may open up more applications.

A highly stereoselective synthesis of thiocyanated enaminones was achieved by an electrochemical process, which involved C–H bond thiocyanation and vinyl C–N bond transamination.

The CO-releasing materials (CORMats) are used as substances for producing CO molecules for therapeutic purposes. Carbon monoxide (CO) imparts toxic effects to biological organisms at higher concentration. If this characteristic is utilized in a controlled manner, it can act as a cell-signaling agent for important pathological and pharmacokinetic functions; hence offering many new applications and treatments. Recently, research on therapeutic applications using the CO treatment has gained much attention due to its nontoxic nature, and its injection into the human body using several conjugate systems. Mainly, there are two types of CO insertion techniques into the human body, i.e., direct and indirect CO insertion. Indirect CO insertion offers an advantage of avoiding toxicity as compared to direct CO insertion. For the indirect CO inhalation method, developers are facing certain problems, such as its inability to achieve the specific cellular targets and how to control the dosage of CO. To address these issues, researchers have adopted alternative strategies regarded as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). CO is covalently attached with metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs), which generate various CORMs such as CORM-1, CORM-2, CORM-3, ALF492, CORM-A1 and ALF186. When these molecules are inserted into the human body, CO is released from these compounds at a controlled rate under certain conditions or/and triggers. Such reactions are helpful in achieving cellular level targets with a controlled release of the CO amount. However on the other hand, CORMs also produce a metal residue (termed as i-CORMs) upon degradation that can initiate harmful toxic activity inside the body. To improve the performance of the CO precursor with the restricted development of i-CORMs, several new CORMats have been developed such as micellization, peptide, vitamins, MOFs, polymerization, nanoparticles, protein, metallodendrimer, nanosheet and nanodiamond, etc. In this review article, we shall describe modern ways of CO administration; focusing primarily on exclusive features of CORM’s tissue accumulations and their toxicities. This report also elaborates on the kinetic profile of the CO gas. The comprehension of developmental phases of CORMats shall be useful for exploring the ideal CO therapeutic drugs in the future of medical sciences.

We report the successful growth of high quality carbon nitride based copolymer (CNBC) films on various substrates (glass, FTO, and TiO₂) through a facile solvothermal method with post-annealing. The structural characterization of the films reveals the polymeric carbon nitride network consisting of tri-s-triazines and s-triazines bridged by different functional groups. The strong bonding between the CNBC films and the substrates via covalent linkage ensures intimate contact and smooth interfacial charge transport. As such, the CNBC films exhibit excellent photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance, which is attributed to stronger visible light harvesting, better conductivity, and more efficient charge separation and transport, as compared to a reference electrode made by pasting bulk g-C₃N₄ powder. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a similar solvothermal approach can be also used to create CNBC films on a TiO₂ surface, and the resulting CNBC/TiO₂ junction allows for vectorial charge transfer, giving greatly enhanced photocurrent responses. Importantly, this work provides a general guide to solvothermal methods for in situ growing metal-free films on various substrates for efficient PEC water splitting.

Alkyl substituted ferrocenes can catalyze the burning of composited solid propellants efficiently. These non-polar and volatile ferrocenes, however, migrate to the surface of the propellants during prolonged storage, which would alter the designed burning parameters, and more seriously cause unexpected explosions. To tackle this problem, twelve ionic ferrocene derivatives bearing methylimidazolium and methyltriazolium substituents with nitrate and picrate anions as new ionic ferrocene-based burning rate catalysts were synthesized. The compounds were fully characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and elemental analysis. Ten of them were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 2 and 3 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n and P2(1)/c, respectively. Compounds 4·H₂O, 6·1/2H₂O, 8–10 and 12 crystallize in the triclinic space group P. Compounds 7 and 11 crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 and Pna2(1), respectively. Cyclic voltammetry investigations revealed that all the compounds exhibit quasi-reversible redox systems. Migration studies confirmed that the migration of these ionic ferrocenes is much slower than that of 2,2-bis(ethylferrocenyl)propane. The migration trend of the compounds is dependent on molecular structures of the ionic ferrocenes and that shorter alkyl chain lengths in the heterocyclic rings lead to slower migration rates. Their high thermal stability was determined by TG and DSC analyses (peak temperatures >172 °C). The thermal degradation of ammonium perchlorate (AP) catalyzed by the new burning-rate catalysts was evaluated by DSC methods. In the presence of nitrate (1–6) in 4 wt% or picrate (7–12) in 5 wt%, the peak decomposition temperature of AP shifts left significantly while the released heat increases dramatically. The catalytic activity of an ionic compound with a triazole ring in its cation is higher than its corresponding analog with an imidazole ring and the catalytic activity of a nitrate is generally higher than its picrate counterpart.