Root canal treatment of carnassial teeth in dogs is a common endodontic technique which aims to re-establish or maintain the health of the periapical tissues. In total, 43 dogs were used in this study. Root canal morphology was evaluated in 86 superior fourth premolars and 86 inferior first molars. Apical delta was present in 247 roots, while obliteration of the root canal was found in 11 roots. The most common type of apical delta of the roots of superior fourth premolars was type II, with up to 10 apical ramifications, while type IIIA, with 10–20 apical ramifications, was most commonly present in the roots of inferior first molars. Considering that knowledge of the morphology of root canals is essential for a successful endodontic procedure, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare the morphology of root canals in the carnassial teeth of German shepherds and mixed-breed dogs. Apical resection for the purpose of endodontic therapy of the superior fourth premolar and the inferior first molar is indicated at a length of 4 to 6 mm from the anatomical tip of the roots, which would completely remove the apical delta of these two teeth.

Feline tooth resorption is one of the most common dental disorders in cats, characterized by a progressive loss of tooth substance. The aetiology of this disease is not completely understood. Multiple factors may play a role in etiopathogenesis of this disease, such as: age, diet, chronic oral inflammation, metabolic and endocrine diseases, anatomical ab-normalities. Based on radiographic appearance, resorptive lesions are classified into three types. Several symptoms accompany this disease, including anorexia, dysphagia, halito-sis and oral discomfort. Tooth resorption can be detected with a combination of visual inspection, examination under general anesthesia with a sharp dental explorer and in-traoral dental radiography. Treatment of option is extraction of the affected teeth, and crown amputation in teeth with type 2 lesions.

The use of different distant learning methods in veterinarymedicine has become more popular since the COVID-19pandemic. Technologies such as virtual reality (VR),3D models, video lectures, and other digital toolshave enhanced the educational experience by enablinginteractive 3D visualization, particularly in teachinganatomy and simulating clinical procedures. A crucialaspect of veterinary hygiene and public health is theaccurate categorization of meat, a responsibility thatlies with veterinary professionals. This classificationis vital not only for regulatory compliance but also forcombating food fraud - a persistent issue that underminesfood safety, public health, and consumer trust. In lightof frequent food fraud cases both locally and globally,it is essential for professionals and consumers alike tounderstand the distinguishing characteristics of variousmeat categories. This study aimed to assess the ability oftwenty-five fourth-year veterinary students at Universityof Sarajevo to identify meat categories and describemuscle anatomy using three different teaching methods:traditional classroom learning, computer-based learningwith 3D scanned models, and immersive VR. To supportthis goal, an innovative virtual resource “3DMeat” wasdeveloped using 3D scanning technology. The findings ofthis study indicate that technology-based learning tools,especially immersive and interactive approaches like VRand 3D visualization, can substantially improve studentengagement and knowledge retention when learningcomplex topics such as meat categorization. This researchalso aimed to bridge the gap between professional, legallydefined meat classifications and commonly used marketterms by explaining the morphological and anatomicalfeatures of muscles associated with each category.