Inverter based islanded MicroGrids (MGs) are very fascinating but challenging ways to integrate Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in electric networks. Active and reactive power regulation is a major issue due to the necessity of optimally exploiting the sources characteristics and controlling voltage and frequency. Focusing the attention on the reactive power control, the main needs are to regulate voltage at suitable values and ensure a proper reactive power sharing among the energy sources. The conventional control for reactive power presents relevant drawbacks and so an Advanced Droop Control strategy (ADC) is presented to approach primary voltage control and reactive power sharing among Grid-Supporting inverters in islanded MGs. The ADC strategy is presented defining its control law and the control scheme with a stability analysis. Then, an analytical procedure is developed to set the controller parameters. Following, a comparison between the ADC and droop control is performed with dedicated simulations on a common benchmark Microgrid in order to highlight the advantages of the proposed control strategy. Finally, a comparison with other advanced control techniques is proposed in order to show that ADC is able to guarantee improved performance in terms of the combined regulation of voltage and reactive power.

Italian generation scenario, as many others, is foreseeing the replacement of conventional Synchronous Generators (SGs) in favour of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), thus leading to a reduction of the overall system inertia. This paper provides a techno-economic methodology for the estimation of the amount of additional inertia that will be needed in the Italian Transmission Network in the 2030 scenario, in order to limit the Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) within sustainable limits. Moreover, the algorithm optimally distributes Synthetic Inertia (SI) contributions from RES and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and the installation of new Synchronous Compensators (SCs) among the Italian market areas. The method is designed to be sufficiently simple to process a significant number of working scenarios and the relevant quantity of information owned by the TSO. Nevertheless, the results have shown to be highly accurate as demonstrated by comparison with detailed time domain simulations.

Primary regulation of islanded Microgrids is one of the most relevant topics in an academic and industrial world. IEEE Std 1547-2018 defines the functionalities of GridSupporting inverters and one of the control goals is the correct reactive power sharing. This paper focuses the attention on the performance of the conventional droop technique in the control of reactive power flows and voltage. After defining the MG structure, a detailed mathematical model for the study of the problem is presented in order to carry out a MG parameters and a regulators parameters sensitivity analysis.

The development of electric mobility offers new perspectives in the energy sector and improves resource efficiency and sustainability. This paper proposes a new strategy for synchronizing the energy requirements of home, commercial, and vehicle mobility, with a focus on the batteries of electric cars. In particular, this paper describes the coordination between a battery management algorithm that optimally assigns its capacity so that at least a part is reserved for mobility and a vehicle-to-building (V2B) service algorithm that uses a share of EV battery energy to improve user participation in renewable energy exploitation at home and at work. The system offers the user the choice of always maintaining a minimum charge for mobility or providing more flexible use of energy for business needs while maintaining established vehicle autonomy. Suitable management at home and at work allows always charging the vehicle to the required level of charge with renewable power excess, highlighting how the cooperation of home and work charging may provide novel frameworks for a smarter and more sustainable integration of electric mobility, reducing energy consumption and providing more effective energy management. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is demonstrated in a realistic configuration with real data and an experimental setup.

The need for a change in view of a sustainable energy transition is introducing novel challenges in many fields such as power production, transmission, distribution and utilization. On the user side, defining new strategies to reach energy neutrality and sustainability is an important step in this process. This paper proposes a novel Virtual Partitioning Algorithm (VPA) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) energy storage system to provide Vehicles-to-Home (V2H) services in a novel and effective manner. The VPA will improve the environmental and economic performance of prosumers with residential photovoltaic or other renewable energy systems by exploiting the energy storage availability of EVs in an effective way. The VPA for V2H services is applied to realistic residential single-family and multi-family housing test cases using real measured data. Results highlight the positive impact of the proposed approach both from an economic and energy sustainability point of view.