Objective: To investigate the color stability of hybrid ceramics and to compare it to composite and lithium disilicate ceramics.Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty samples were fabricated and processed with a semiautomatic grinding and polishing device (final step: 1200 grit). After thermocycling, samples were immersed in a staining solution (five subgroups: water, red wine, curry, black tea, cola) for 4 weeks. A spectroradiometer was used to determine the color of the samples in CIE L*a*b*. Color measurements were performed before staining (baseline, initial color), after thermocycling, after 2 and 4 week storage in staining solution and each after a two stage repolishing approach. Discoloration of specimens was calculated by means of ΔE₀₀ compared to baseline values.Results: All factors (material, staining solution, aging stage) were significantly associated with the extent of discolorations (P < .001). Maximum color changes occurred after 28 days staining (EN: ΔE₀₀ = 4.5 ± 4.0; GB: ΔE₀₀ = 5.0 ± 4.5; LS: ΔE₀₀ = 3.0 ± 2.3) clearly exceeding the 50:50 threshold for acceptable color deviations. Due to repolishing, discoloration of LS samples was almost completely eliminated (ΔE₀₀ = 0.4 ± 0.3) and significantly reduced for the other two materials (EN: ΔE₀₀ = 1.0 ± 0.9; GB: ΔE₀₀ = 0.9 ± 0.4; P = .428).Conclusion: Discoloration of hybrid ceramics ranged in‐between lithium disilicate and composites, however more comparable to composites. Repolishing could reduce discolorations substantially.Clinical Relevance: This study should help dental practitioners to estimate the color stability of common dental materials and the effect of polishing in removal of discolorations.

Carersâ?? education improves oral health of older people suffering from dementia â?? results of an intervention study Andreas Zenthöfer,1 Inga Meyer-Kühling,2,3 Anna-Luisa Hufeland,1 Johannes Schröder,2,3 Tomas Cabrera,1 Dominik Baumgart,1 Peter Rammelsberg,1 Alexander J Hassel1 1Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, 2Institute of Gerontology, University of Heidelberg, 3Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Center of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of carersâ?? education on improvements in oral health and denture hygiene of care-dependent and cognitively impaired older people in nursing homes compared to those without intervention. Methods: A total of 219 seniors living in 14 nursing homes in southwest Germany (intervention: n=144; control: n=75) were enrolled in this study. For each participant, Plaque Control Record (PCR), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Denture Hygiene Index (DHI) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) were assessed at baseline and six months following the interventions. In addition, demographic parameters such as age, sex, chronic diseases, permanent medications, level of dependency and cognitive state were recorded. In the intervention homes, education for caregivers was provided and ultrasound baths for denture cleaning were implemented. Changes in the dental target variables PCR, GBI, CPITN and DHI during the six-month study period were compared between subjects in the intervention and the control groups as well as between subjects with and without dementia. Additionally, multivariate models were compiled for each dental index to evaluate possible confounders. Results: In the intervention group, PCR and DHI significantly improved during the study period (P0.05). Conclusion: Carersâ?? education improves oral health of people in nursing homes over a clinically relevant period of time. Implementation of ultrasound baths is a simple and effective measure to improve denture hygiene of both institutionalized elderly people and seniors with dementia and in severe need of care. From a clinical standpoint, it is noteworthy that the respective interventions can be easily implemented in everyday care routine. Keywords: oral health, intervention, older people, nursing home, longitudinal