Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a modern technique that has led to substantial progress in wireless networks. To address the challenge of efficient task implementation in resource-limited environments, this work strengthens system performance through resource allocation based on fairness and energy efficiency. Integration of energy-harvesting (EH) technology with MEC improves sustainability by optimizing the power consumption of mobile devices, which is crucial to the efficiency of task execution. The combination of MEC and an ultra-dense network (UDN) is essential in fifth-generation networks to fulfill the computing requirements of ultra-low-latency applications. In this study, issues related to computation offloading and resource allocation are addressed using the Lyapunov mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based optimal cost (LYMOC) technique. The optimization problem is solved using the Lyapunov drift-plus-penalty method. Subsequently, the MILP approach is employed to select the optimal offloading option while ensuring fairness-oriented resource allocation among users to improve overall system performance and user satisfaction. Unlike conventional approaches, which often overlook fairness in dense networks, the proposed method prioritizes fairness-oriented resource allocation, preventing service degradation and enhancing network efficiency. Overall, the results of simulation studies demonstrate that the LYMOC algorithm may considerably decrease the overall cost of system execution when compared with the Lyapunov–MILP-based short-distance complete local execution algorithm and the full offloading-computation method.

Mobile edge computing (MEC) improves network performance by minimizing latency and assigning computing tasks to edge servers. Nonetheless, delegating calculations in environments with elevated device density poses considerable difficulties. Ensuring equity in resource distribution among users is essential for preserving network stability and user satisfaction in these contexts. This research formulates the Fairness-aware Computation Offloading Optimization (FACOO) algorithm. The Lyapunov approach and sequential least squares quadratic programming (SLSQP) are used to ascertain the best offloading ratio, transmission power, and CPU frequency while complying with signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) limitations. Energy harvesting (EH) is built into FACOO to prolong the battery life of the device and to ensure that MEC systems, which are limited in resources, are more sustainable. The results show that FACOO greatly improves throughput and fairness while using much less energy, especially in settings where a lot of nodes are spread out over a large area. Comprehensive simulations show that the method effectively balances fairness, throughput, and energy use, making it a workable way to improve resource allocation in MEC systems.