Rapid identification and accurate diagnosis are critical for individuals with acute leukemia (AL). Here, we propose a combined deep learning and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (DL-SERS) classification strategy to achieve rapid and sensitive identification of AL with various subtypes and genetic abnormalities. More than 390 of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples are collected as targets, encompassing healthy control, AL patients, and individuals with other diseases. Sensitive SERS detection could be achieved within 5 min, using only 0.5 μL volume of CSF. Through integrated feature fusion (1D spectra and 2D image) with a transformer model, the classification method is developed to screen and diagnose AL patients, demonstrating exceptional classification performances of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, or reliability. Also, this approach demonstrates remarkable versatility and could be extended to the classifications of meningitis diseases. The sensitive DL-SERS classification platform has the potential to be a powerful auxiliary in vitro diagnostic tool.

Following neurological injury, neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation mutually reinforce each other, further exacerbating neurological damage. Concurren

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by the progressive degeneration of specific neuronal populations, remain incurable, and impose an escalating global health burden due to aging populations. While therapeutic options had expanded in recent years, their overall efficacy remained limited. Neuroinflammation emerged as a central factor in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), an endogenous gasotransmitter known for its potent anti-inflammatory properties, gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent. This review provided a comprehensive overview of the role of neuroinflammation in NDDs, elucidated the molecular mechanisms through which H ₂ S exerted its anti-inflammatory effects, and discussed recent advancements and potential clinical applications. Special emphasis was placed on the modulation of glial activity, disruption of the blood–brain barrier, regulation of the gut–brain axis, and the interplay between mitochondria and inflammasomes. Furthermore, the review integrated preclinical data on dose–exposure–response relationships to define the therapeutic window of various H ₂ S donors. It also explored the potential of spatial multiomics and microbiota-targeted approaches to facilitate more precise H ₂ S-based interventions. These insights provide important scientific merit for elucidating the mechanisms of NDDs and hold urgent practical relevance for developing novel therapeutics to mitigate disease progression.