A obesidade é uma doença crônica que acomete as pessoas devido ao acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal. Os quadros de obesidade, geralmente, podem vim acompanhados de outras condições de saúde, como a diabetes. Ambas doenças são passíveis de tratamento, e o ideal é que seja feito um acompanhamento médico adequado para sua resolutividade. No entanto, algumas pessoas têm feito o uso da semaglutida de forma indiscriminada, para perda de peso. Com base nisso, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar quais os potenciais riscos relacionados ao uso indiscriminado do Ozempic/semaglutida. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, que buscou nas principais bases de dados, artigos relacionados ao tema em questão. Como resultados, foram selecionados 10 artigos que abordaram sobre os seguintes tópicos: indicação e mecanismo de ação da semaglutida; risco relacionado ao uso indiscriminado da semaglutida; e, cuidado farmacêutico ao uso racional da semaglutida. Conclui-se que o uso indiscriminado da semaglutida pode potencializar os efeitos colaterais que o medicamento apresenta, como náuseas, problemas gastrointestinais, vômitos, diarreia e vulnerabilidade para pessoas com câncer. Nesse sentido, o cuidado farmacêutico é importante também para a minimização de efeitos colaterais, seja com ajuste da dosagem ou uso de outros medicamentos necessários para amenizar os sintomas provocados pelo uso do fármaco.

Naphthoquinones eleutherin and isoeleutherin have demonstrated promising antibacterial activity, probably due to their quinone structure, which can generate reactive oxygen species. The study examines the activities of pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, associated with antimicrobial resistance and explores their potential mechanisms of action. The MIC, IC₅₀, and MBC were determined. PharmMapper 2017 server and GOLD 2020.1 software were utilized for molecular docking to identify protein targets and interaction mechanisms. The docking predictions were verified by redocking, focusing on structures with RMSD below 2 Å. The molecular docking revealed a significant affinity of eleutherin for the peptide, transcriptional regulator QacR, and regulatory protein BlaR1 with better interactions with BlaR1 than the crystallographic ligand (benzylpenicillin). Isoeleutherin demonstrated specific interactions with methionine aminopeptidase, indicating specificity and affinity. In summary, the difference in naphthoquinones activities may be related to structural differences. Eleutherin exhibits potential as a therapeutic adjuvant to reverse bacterial resistance in S. aureus, suggesting this molecule interferes with the antibiotic resistance mechanism. The absence of homologous proteins or variations in the structure of the target proteins could be the cause of the inactivity against E. coli.

Eleutherine plicata is used in the Amazon region for the treatment of amoebiasis. The plant has been found to contain naphthoquinones (eleutherin and isoeleutherin) and naphthalene derivatives (eleutherol and isoeleutherol), which have been isolated. This study investigated, through molecular docking, the potential of isoeleutherin, eleutherin, eleutherol, and isoeleutherol against different proteins of Entamoeba histolytica. The potential amoebicidal effects were assessed by examining the interaction with two proteins, O-acetyl-serine sulfhydrylase (3BM5) and thioredoxin reductase (4CCQ), obtained from the public RCSB PDB database. The proteins were optimized using the APBS server, which added charges, polar hydrogens, water molecules, and cocrystallized components. The enzymes were subsequently removed. In this study, the amoebicidal potential of the molecules isoeleutherin, eleutherin, isoeleutherol, and eleutherol was evaluated. In in silico studies, in MM/GBSA energy calculations, isoeleuterin was the most promising ligand (-27.67 kcal/mol) in the EhTrxR target, while in the EhOASS target, it maintained a competitive binding energy (-20.30 kcal/mol), being the most promising natural compound. In addition, it has a lower toxicity profile. The search for therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of amoebiasis is important, with in silico studies being one strategy. Isoeleuterin is the most promising molecule for in vitro and in vivo validation studies.