Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of conditions including central obesity, high blood pressure, high glucose levels, and abnormal triglycerides and cholesterol, which together increase the chances of heart disease, diabetes, and even death. The rates of MetS are different around the world, with 20–30% in Europe and 21.8–23.9% in Kazakhstan. Because MetS changes over time, it is important to study the dynamics of their components to improve prevention and treatments. This work aims to obtain the incidence of MetS and to evaluate the specific components associated with the emergence of new MetS cases in this population. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with a 10-year follow-up in Turkestan city between 2012 and 2024. Information was collected through physical exams, blood tests, and anthropometric measurements. Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were used to find which factors increase the incidence of MetS. Results: Among 434 participants analyzed (78.8% women, and mean age 40.87, 66% < 2 MetS components, 20% had MetS blood pressure, and 65.9% had MetS waist circumference), the incidence of MetS at follow-up was 40%. The key risk factors for newly diagnosed MetS included elevated blood pressure and increased waist circumference. Multivariate analyses highlighted these components as the strongest predictors of MetS, with significant associations observed for participants with two or more MetS components at baseline. Conclusions: Elevated blood pressure and central obesity were identified as pivotal contributors to MetS progression. Given the rising prevalence of Mets and its implications, these results show the need to start treatment and check these risks early to prevent serious health problems.

We present case series of simultaneous surgery for coexisting cardiac and non-cardiac pathologies to evaluate the feasibility of the treatment. The retrospective analysis included 27 patients aged between 28 and 74 years. The most often heart diseases were coronary arterial disease and valve defects, and the most often heart surgery was coronary artery bypass grafting. The non-cardiac diseases included neoplasms in the abdominal cavity, urinary system, and chest organs. The average duration of surgery was 277 ± 87 minutes, blood loss 285 ± 182 ml. The in-hospital mortality was 0%, with median stay of 2 and 12 days in the intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency room, respectively. The 1 and 5-year survival rates were 85.7% and 76.2%, respectively. Simultaneous surgeries can be a treatment of choice for patients with cardiac pathology and concomitant neoplasm in abdominal, thoracic, or urinary system. This is the first such study conducted in the Central-Asian region and, in particular, in Kazakhstan.

Introduction: Restoration of patency of ureters with long defects is one of the major problems in urology. There are cases when it is impossible to perform plastic surgery of ureter with own tissues or bladder; in these situations, appendicoureteroplasty or kidney autotransplantation can be promising solutions. Material and methods: 4 patients underwent surgical corrections or ureter strictures: two underwent appendicoureteroplasty and two – kidney autotransplantation. To verify the diagnosis of long ureteral defects, standard research methods were used: ante- and retrograde pyeloureterography. Results and discussion: In the early postoperative period, all patients underwent dynamic ultrasonography of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space; in addition, hemodynamics parameters as well as clinical and biochemical laboratory blood parameters were monitored. The early postoperative period in three patients proceeded with no incidents and did not require serious additional studies. In one patient after appendicoureteroplasty dynamic intestinal obstruction developed on the third day post-op, which was resolved conservatively. In the late postoperative period the condition of the patients was satisfactory. There are few articles describing surgical interventions that can treat long ureteral defects, with appendiculoplasty and kidney autotransplantation being the most effective. However, each procedure has own advantages and disadvantages, as well as risks. Conclusion: In our study, we performed these two methods with two patients for each method. Results are promising, but for a better statistical analysis and more thorough follow-up we need more patients for both appendiculoplasty and kidney autotransplantation.