This study addresses the assessment of crop water stress index (CWSI) of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and net income generated under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), conventional deficit irrigation and partial root-zone drying (PRD) and full irrigation (I₁₀₀) using surface- and subsurface-drip systems (DI and SDI) during 2016 and 2017 in the Mediterranean region. The experimental design was split-plots with four replications. RDI was supplied with 50% of I₁₀₀ during vegetative stage until flowering, then received 100% of crop water requirement. PRD₅₀ received 50% of I₁₀₀, but from alternative laterals each watering. The results revealed that CWSI was correlated significantly (P < 0.01) and negatively with yield, yield per plant, total soluble solid, ETa, fruit weight and plant height indicating that yield of bell pepper declined with increasing CWSI values (P < 0.01). Bell pepper should be irrigated at mean CWSI value of 0.20 without any yield reduction. CWSI in the RDI and I₇₅ treatments were slightly greater than 0.20. Irrigation treatments had significant effect on yield and quality traits. The highest total soluble solutes were found in PRD₅₀ and I₅₀. The DI I₁₀₀ treatment generated the highest net income followed by the SDI I₁₀₀ and RDI. In conclusion, RDI and I₇₅ appear to be good alternatives to I₁₀₀ for sustainable bell pepper production in the Mediterranean region.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different irrigation levels and different tillage and sowing methods on the amount of irrigation water, evapotranspiration, water productivity (WP) and yield in the second crop soybean in Çukurova Region, Turkey. Three irrigation levels were applied (I₁₀₀: completion to the field capacity of the available water of 60 cm soil depth weekly. I₇₀: 70% of the water applied to I₁₀₀, I₅₀: 50% of the water applied to I₁₀₀), five tillage and sowing methods were used (T₁: traditional soil tillage, T₂: reduced soil tillage, T₃: reduced soil tillage, T₄: ridge tillage, T₅: no-tillage). The research was carried out in a randomized block split-plot design with three replications. The result of, the highest yield was obtained in I₁₀₀xT₁with 4990 kg/ha, while the lowest yield was obtained in I₅₀xT₃with 3150 kg/ha in irrigationxtillage interactions. When the water consumption values of plants were analysed, the highest was obtained with 632 mm I₁₀₀and the lowest with 399 mm I₅₀. When WP values were analysed, the highest was obtained with 8.7 in I₅₀and the lowest in 6.6 and I₁₀₀. As a result, full irrigation and direct sowing methods (I₁₀₀T₁) are recommended in soybean cultivation considering the highest water-yield relationship in the Mediterranean Region.

Adana ilinde 1963-2016 yılları arasında yıllık buharlaşma, maksimum ve minimum sıcaklık ve toplam yağış verileri kullanılarak kurak veya yağışlı geçen yılların hesaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada verileri üretmek için TOPSIS yöntemi seçilmiş ve bu yönde bir model oluşturulmuştur. Bu amaç için bölgede en uzun yağış, sıcaklık ve buharlaşma kayıtlarına sahip olan Adana Meteoroloji İstasyonuna ilişkin veriler kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 54 yılda, 10 defa orta, 15 defa zayıf ve 7 defa ciddi kurak yıl belirlenmiştir. Ciddi kuraklık yaşanan yıllar 1970-1973, 1982, 1986 ve 1993 yılları olarak tespit edilmiştir. Son 10 yılda 5 yıl kurak olarak geçmiştir. Kurak geçen yıllar ise 2007, 2008, 2010, 2013 ve 2014 yılları olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda 54 yılda, 10 defa orta, 15 defa zayıf ve 7 defa ciddi kurak yıl belirlenmiştir. Ciddi kuraklık yaşanan yıllar 1970-1973, 1982, 1986 ve 1993 yılları olarak tespit edilmiştir. Son 10 yılda 5 yıl kurak olarak geçmiştir. Kurak geçen yıllar ise 2007, 2008, 2010, 2013 ve 2014 yılları olarak bulunmuştur.

Understanding the water use of drought-tolerant crops of the drought-prone Mediterranean regions is important for sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and yield responses of amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus L.) to different irrigation strategies conducted in 2019 and 2020 under Mediterranean climatic conditions using surface drip (SD) and subsurface drip (SSD) systems. Strategies investigated were: regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), conventional deficit irrigation (DI₂₅, DI₅₀, DI₇₅), full irrigation (FI) and rainfed treatment. The highest grain yield was observed in FI treatments; RDI treatments produced 5% lower grain yield than the FI treatments, although the RDI treatments resulted in water savings of 23 and 21% for SD and SSD systems, respectively. DI treatments resulted in lower leaf water potential (LWP) and higher crop water-stress index (CWSI) compared to FI in both systems values. The results showed that optimum irrigation conditions to obtain the highest amaranth grain yields were associated with an LWP of −1.0 MPa and an average CWSI of about 0.25. The FI treatments under SSD systems had the highest grain production, followed by FI under SD and RDI under both the drip systems. Under SD and SSD systems, RDI saved 23 and 21% water, respectively, and produced a yield statistically comparable to that of FI. The SSD methods generated higher net income than SD. From these results it can be concluded that both RDI and DI₇₅ could be a good alternative to FI under the conditions of water scarcity in the Mediterranean region.

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nirogen levels and irrigation intervals applied with drip system on cotton yield, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in the East Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research of Institute Located in Kahramanmaras, Turkey during 2012 and 2013. In the experiment, 3 different nitrogen levels (N0:0, N15:150, N30: 300 kg ha-1) and 2 different irrigation intervals (I5: 5 and I10:10 days) were investigated on Erşan-92 cotton variety. The amount of irrigation water was estimated by replenishment of soil water deficit in 60 cm root-zone depth to the field capacity in the irrigation intervals of 5 and 10 days. The experimental design was split-plots with three replications. The amount of irrigation water applied to treatments in the research years varied between 511.9-633.8 and 498-611 mm respectively. Cotton yield values in the research years for irrigation and nitrogen applications ranged between 2520-3360 and 2360-3540 kg ha-1 respectively. Higher yields were obtained with 5-day irrigation frequency compared with irrigation every 10 days. The effects of different irrigation intervals and nitrogen application of interaction on yield, Water use efficiency (WP) and Irrigation water use efficiency (IWP) were found to be statistically significant at 1% level. I5 N15 generated the highest net income and the lowest income was found in I10 N0. As a result of the experiment, 150 kg ha-1 nitrogen dose in 5 days irrigation interval was recommended for cotton production in the region.

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde yarı-kurak iklim koşullarında buğday yetiştirilen arazilerde organik malç uygulamalarından buğday samanının toprak özellikleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada toprak yüzeyine farklı oranlarda (0, 300, 600 ve 900 kg da-1) buğday samanı uygulanmıştır. Deneme, arazi koşullarında, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Buğday hasat sonrası her parselden 0-15 cm derinlikten toprak örnekleri alınmış, havada kurutulup 2 mm’lik elekten geçirildikten sonra analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçta, organik malç uygulamalarından buğday samanının uygulamalara bağlı olarak toprağın organik madde miktarını artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca buğday samanının toprakların likit limit, plastik limit, yarayışlı su içeriği ve tarla kapasitesini de artırmıştır. Uygulama dozuna bağlı olarak toprağın likit limit, plastik limit, yarayışlı su içeriği ve tarla kapasite artışı organik madde ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonucuna göre, organik madde, likit limit, plastik limit, yarayışlı su içeriği ve tarla kapasitesi üzerine (p