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Maren Oelbermann
School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada

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Research paper
Published: 14 August 2021 in Soil Use and Management
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Climate change is associated with more intense phases of heat, drought or precipitation that can have a negative impact on soil properties. Our goal was to understand if elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature (eT), and a multicomponent (eCO2eT) climate effect will influence soil properties from cereal-legume intercrops differently compared to sole crops. We hypothesized that cereal-legume intercrops can regulate climate effects, causing soil properties and greenhouse gas fluxes to be similar to ambient climate conditions. eT and eCO2eT decreased soil organic carbon (C) (P=0.001) and nitrogen (N) (P=0.003) but increased (P=0.011) soil nitrate in all crop systems, compared to ambient conditions. For crop systems, soil ammonium was lower (P=0.001) with all climate effects, but nitrate was greater (P=0.011) with eCO2 and eCO2eT compared to ambient conditions. The microbial community had a preferential (P=0.024) consumption of C3 sources in the sole crops. Climate effects also influenced how C and N were accessed by microbes in all crop systems, shifting (P=0.001) species richness and microbial community structure. CO2 fluxes were greater (P=0.001) with eT and eCO2, whereas N2O fluxes were greater (P=0.005) with eCO2 and eCO2eT. However, greenhouse gas fluxes from the intercrop were similar between eT or eCO2eT and ambient conditions. For soil properties, we rejected our hypothesis since cereal-legume intercrops did not have an advantage over sole crops to cope with single- and multicomponent climate effects, but we partially accepted our hypothesis since greenhouse gas fluxes were similar between AMB and eT or eCO2eT.

ACS Style

Maren Oelbermann; Svenja Morgan; Laura Echarte. Elevated carbon dioxide and temperature effects on soil properties from sole crops and intercrops. Soil Use and Management 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Maren Oelbermann, Svenja Morgan, Laura Echarte. Elevated carbon dioxide and temperature effects on soil properties from sole crops and intercrops. Soil Use and Management. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maren Oelbermann; Svenja Morgan; Laura Echarte. 2021. "Elevated carbon dioxide and temperature effects on soil properties from sole crops and intercrops." Soil Use and Management , no. : 1.

Technical report
Published: 21 May 2021 in Journal of Environmental Quality
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Riparian zones provide multiple benefits including streambank stabilization and nutrient abatement. But there is a knowledge gap on how the type of vegetation and environmental factors (e.g., soil temperature, moisture) within the riparian zone influence CO2 and CH4 emissions. Our objective was to quantify and compare CO2 and CH4 emissions from an herbaceous (GRS) riparian, a rehabilitated riparian zone with deciduous trees (RH), a natural forested riparian zone with deciduous trees (UNF-D) or coniferous trees (UNF-C) and an agricultural field (AGR). Cumulative soil CO2 emission ranged from 23 to 105 g CO2-C m–2. CO2 emissions were greatest (p<0.05) in the GRS and lowest (p<0.05) in the UNF-C riparian zone. The best predictors for CO2 emissions were soil temperature and soil organic carbon (C) content. Cumulative CH4 emission ranged from -23 to 253 g CH4-C m–2. CH4 emissions were greatest (p<0.05) in the UNF-D and lowest (p<0.05) in the GRS riparian zone. The best predictors for CH4 emissions were soil moisture, soil organic C and photosynthetic photon flux density. We found that the total CO2-C equivalent (i.e., CH4 + CO2) was greatest (p<0.05) for the GRS and lowest (p<0.05) for the UNF-C riparian zone. We found that the environmental factors controlling CO2 and CH4 emissions within the various riparian zones did not change, instead changes were due to how vegetation within riparian zones influenced these controls. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Megan Baskerville; Amir Bazrgar; Namratha Reddy; Enoch Ofosu; Naresh Thevathasan; Andrew M. Gordon; Maren Oelbermann. Greenhouse gas emissions from riparian zones are related to vegetation type and environmental factors. Journal of Environmental Quality 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Megan Baskerville, Amir Bazrgar, Namratha Reddy, Enoch Ofosu, Naresh Thevathasan, Andrew M. Gordon, Maren Oelbermann. Greenhouse gas emissions from riparian zones are related to vegetation type and environmental factors. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Megan Baskerville; Amir Bazrgar; Namratha Reddy; Enoch Ofosu; Naresh Thevathasan; Andrew M. Gordon; Maren Oelbermann. 2021. "Greenhouse gas emissions from riparian zones are related to vegetation type and environmental factors." Journal of Environmental Quality , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Canadian Journal of Soil Science
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Warmer atmospheric temperatures (eT) will increase plant nutrient uptake, and elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) is expected to enhance plant growth, whereas a multicomponent eTeCO2 effect should also be beneficial for agroecosystems. Our goal was to understand if single- (eT, eCO2) or multicomponent (eTeCO2) climate effects, predicted for southern Ontario, Canada, will affect soybean and soil properties differently when soil is amended with manure and biochar (MB) or with manure, nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and biochar (MNB) compared with the addition of manure and N fertilizer (MN). We hypothesized that biochar regulates climate effects and causes soybean and soil properties to be similar to ambient climate conditions than soil without biochar. However, soil amended with biochar functioned independently of single- or multicomponent climate effects. Soybean pod and shoot biomass, shoot height, and shoot:root ratio were greater (p < 0.05) with eT. eCO2 increased (p < 0.05) shoot biomass coinciding with an increase (p < 0.05) in nutrient uptake and uptake efficiency. All climate effects decreased (p < 0.05) soluble carbon (C), available N (NH4 + and NO3 −), and the C/N ratio but increased (p < 0.05) orthophosphate. Amendment type MNB decreased (p < 0.05) soil microbial biomass carbon, but climate effects did not affect microbial biomass (p < 0.05). However, climate effects influenced how C and N were accessed by microbes in all amendment types, shifting (p < 0.05) microbial community structure, species richness, and diversity. We rejected our hypothesis and concluded that biochar amended soil does not strongly influence soybean and soil properties, and it does not provide a greater ability for soybeans and soil to cope with climate effects.

ACS Style

Runshan W. Jiang; Miss Mae Galo; Maren Oelbermann. Soybean and soil responses to biochar amendment in controlled environments with elevated temperature and carbon dioxide. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Runshan W. Jiang, Miss Mae Galo, Maren Oelbermann. Soybean and soil responses to biochar amendment in controlled environments with elevated temperature and carbon dioxide. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Runshan W. Jiang; Miss Mae Galo; Maren Oelbermann. 2021. "Soybean and soil responses to biochar amendment in controlled environments with elevated temperature and carbon dioxide." Canadian Journal of Soil Science , no. : 1-12.

Article
Published: 18 January 2021 in Environmental Management
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Riparian zones provide multiple benefits in agricultural landscapes, but nitrogen (N) loading can cause N2O emissions. There is a knowledge gap on how different types of riparian vegetation influence N2O emissions. This study quantified N2O emissions from a rehabilitated riparian zone with deciduous trees (RH), a herbaceous (grassed) riparian zone (GRS), a natural forested riparian zone with deciduous trees (UNF-D), a natural forested riparian zone with coniferous trees (UNF-C), and an agricultural field (AGR). N2O fluxes were not significantly different (p > 0.05) among riparian zones (11–17 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) and were not significantly different (p > 0.05) when comparing riparian zones to the AGR field (34 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1). Despite high N-loading, cumulative N2O emissions (1989 µg N2O-N m−2) in the riparian zones was significantly lower (p > 0.05) than AGR (13,278 µg N2O-N m−2). The main predictors of N2O fluxes were soil temperature and soil NO3−-N for the riparian zones and the AGR field. We found that environmental conditions played a greater role than the type of riparian vegetation or age in predicting N2O emissions. We suggest that soil environmental factors created an anaerobic environment that favored N2O consumption via complete denitrification.

ACS Style

M. Baskerville; N. Reddy; E. Ofosu; N. V. Thevathasan; M. Oelbermann. Vegetation Type Does not Affect Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Riparian Zones in Agricultural Landscapes. Environmental Management 2021, 67, 371 -383.

AMA Style

M. Baskerville, N. Reddy, E. Ofosu, N. V. Thevathasan, M. Oelbermann. Vegetation Type Does not Affect Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Riparian Zones in Agricultural Landscapes. Environmental Management. 2021; 67 (2):371-383.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Baskerville; N. Reddy; E. Ofosu; N. V. Thevathasan; M. Oelbermann. 2021. "Vegetation Type Does not Affect Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Riparian Zones in Agricultural Landscapes." Environmental Management 67, no. 2: 371-383.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Riparian buffer systems (RBS) are considered a best management practice (BMP) in agricultural landscapes to intercept soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching and surface runoff into aquatic ecosystems. However, these environmental benefits could be offset by increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including nitrous oxide (N2O). The main sources of N2O in soil are linked to processes which are mediated by soil microbial communities. These microorganisms play crucial roles in N-cycling and in the reduction of nitrate to N2, and N2O gases. This study was conducted to determine the abundance and diversity of microbial communities and functional genes associated with N-cycling and their influence on N2O emissions in different riparian land-use: undisturbed natural forest (UNF), rehabilitated site (RH), grass buffer (GRB), and an adjacent agricultural land (AGR). Soil was sampled concurrently with N2O emissions on July 13, 2017. DNA was extracted and used to target key N-cycling genes for N-fixation (nifH), nitrification: (amoA), and denitrification (nirS, nirK, and nosZ) via quantitative PCR, and for high throughput sequencing of total bacterial and fungal communities. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to examine microbial community composition and indicated significant differences in bacterial (p < 0.001) and fungal (p < 0.0085) communities between sites. Bacterial abundance differed significantly (p = 0.0005) between RBS and AGR sites with the highest populations occurring in the UNF (2.1 × 1010 copies g−1 dry soil), and lowest in AGR (5.3 × 109 copies g−1 dry soil). However, the AGR site had the highest ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance, indicating that nitrification is highest at this site. The abundance of the nosZ gene was highest in RH and GRB demonstrating the capacity for complete denitrification at these sites, lowering measured N2O. These results suggest N-cycling microbial community dynamics differ among RBS and are influencing N2O emissions in the sites investigated.

ACS Style

Tolulope G. Mafa-Attoye; Megan A. Baskerville; Enoch Ofosu; Maren Oelbermann; Naresh V. Thevathasan; Kari E. Dunfield. Riparian land-use systems impact soil microbial communities and nitrous oxide emissions in an agro-ecosystem. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 724, 138148 .

AMA Style

Tolulope G. Mafa-Attoye, Megan A. Baskerville, Enoch Ofosu, Maren Oelbermann, Naresh V. Thevathasan, Kari E. Dunfield. Riparian land-use systems impact soil microbial communities and nitrous oxide emissions in an agro-ecosystem. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 724 ():138148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tolulope G. Mafa-Attoye; Megan A. Baskerville; Enoch Ofosu; Maren Oelbermann; Naresh V. Thevathasan; Kari E. Dunfield. 2020. "Riparian land-use systems impact soil microbial communities and nitrous oxide emissions in an agro-ecosystem." Science of The Total Environment 724, no. : 138148.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2020 in Sustainability
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Achieving biologically diverse agricultural systems requires a commitment to changes in land use. While in-field agrobiodiversity is a critical route to such a transition, riparian systems remain an important, yet understudied, pathway to achieve key diversity and ecosystem services and targets. Notably, at the interface of agricultural landscapes and aquatic systems, the diversification of riparian buffers with trees reduces the non-point source pollution in waterways. However, in riparian agroforestry systems, little is known about herbaceous community patterns and, importantly, the herbaceous community’s role in governing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Our study investigated herbaceous community taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity patterns in riparian (i) grasslands (GRASSLAND), (ii) rehabilitated agroforests (AGROFOREST-REHAB), and (iii) remnant forests (AGROFOREST-NATURAL). We then determined the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships between community functional diversity metrics, C and N cycling, and greenhouse gas fluxes. We observed significant differences in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity among riparian buffer types. We found that herbaceous plant communities in riparian agroforestry systems expressed plant trait syndromes associated with fast-growing, resource acquiring strategies, while grassland buffer plants exhibited slow-growing, resource conserving strategies. Herbaceous communities with high functional diversity and resource acquiring trait syndromes, such as those in the agroforestry riparian systems, were significantly correlated with lower rates of soil CO2 efflux and N mineralization, both of which are key fluxes related to ecosystem service delivery. Our findings provide further evidence that functionally diverse, and not necessarily taxonomically diverse, plant communities are strongly correlated to positive ecosystem processes in riparian agroforestry systems, and that these communities contribute to the transition of agricultural lands toward biologically and functionally diverse landscapes.

ACS Style

Serra W. Buchanan; Megan Baskerville; Maren Oelbermann; Andrew M. Gordon; Naresh V. Thevathasan; Marney E. Isaac. Plant Diversity and Agroecosystem Function in Riparian Agroforests: Providing Ecosystem Services and Land-Use Transition. Sustainability 2020, 12, 568 .

AMA Style

Serra W. Buchanan, Megan Baskerville, Maren Oelbermann, Andrew M. Gordon, Naresh V. Thevathasan, Marney E. Isaac. Plant Diversity and Agroecosystem Function in Riparian Agroforests: Providing Ecosystem Services and Land-Use Transition. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Serra W. Buchanan; Megan Baskerville; Maren Oelbermann; Andrew M. Gordon; Naresh V. Thevathasan; Marney E. Isaac. 2020. "Plant Diversity and Agroecosystem Function in Riparian Agroforests: Providing Ecosystem Services and Land-Use Transition." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 568.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2019 in Journal of Environmental Quality
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Riparian zones enhance water quality and provide wildlife habitat, but high nutrient input in agricultural landscapes causes nitrous oxide (NO) emissions, potentially negating their benefits of C sequestration. The objectives of this study were to quantify spatiotemporal NO emissions in a rehabilitated and undisturbed natural riparian forest. We also determined soil and vegetation characteristics, and their role in driving spatiotemporal NO emissions. Mean NO-N emissions were not significantly ( < 0.05) different between rehabilitated (7.62 μg m h) and undisturbed (5.93 μg m h) riparian forests. The greatest ( < 0.05) NO-N emissions in both riparian forests were observed during the summer. Soil moisture, temperature, and N were significantly correlated to NO-N emissions. Our results show that soil and vegetation characteristics varied between the two riparian forests, but differences in NO-N emissions were negligible. We also found that NO emissions were influenced by soil characteristics and seasonality, rather than vegetation characteristics or spatial position.

ACS Style

N. D. De Carlo; M. Oelbermann; A. M. Gordon. Spatial and Temporal Variation in Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Rehabilitated and Undisturbed Riparian Forest. Journal of Environmental Quality 2019, 48, 624 -633.

AMA Style

N. D. De Carlo, M. Oelbermann, A. M. Gordon. Spatial and Temporal Variation in Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Rehabilitated and Undisturbed Riparian Forest. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2019; 48 (3):624-633.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. D. De Carlo; M. Oelbermann; A. M. Gordon. 2019. "Spatial and Temporal Variation in Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Rehabilitated and Undisturbed Riparian Forest." Journal of Environmental Quality 48, no. 3: 624-633.

Journal article
Published: 24 November 2018 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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Willow (Salix spp.) short-rotation coppice (SRC) systems are productive bioenergy feedstocks that can be cultivated on marginal land and generate high yields when amended with nitrogen (N) fertilizers. However, fertilizer application results in greater N2O emissions and negates the potential carbon (C) neutrality of willow bioenergy systems. We evaluated 1) the effect of N fertilizer application on the soil-atmosphere exchange of CO2-C and (N2O-N emissions, soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N); 2) emissions generated during winter and freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs); and 3) the net annual emission (CO2-equivalents [CO2-eq]) from willow SRC systems. CO2-C emissions followed seasonal trends with elevated emissions occurring in the spring and summer. Significantly greater (p < 0.05) CO2-C emissions were observed during the growing season, whereas only 7.2%–13.4% of the total CO2-C emissions occurred during the winter. Freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) did not significantly (p < 0.05) increase CO2-C emissions. Nitrogen fertilizer application increased soil NH4+ and NO3− availability resulting in an N2O-N hot moment following fertilizer application in the spring. There was a N2O-N hot moment following FTC events, and winter N2O-N emissions were minimal. Overall, N2O-N emissions accounted for 2.2–3.4% of the total annual emissions. Willow SRC systems were a C sink in fertilized treatments with a C sequestration potential of 10.79 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1. Unfertilized treatments were a slight C source, with net emissions of 1.19 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1. We recommend a low rate of fertilizer application to willow SRC systems to maintain these systems as a long-term C sink.

ACS Style

K. Lutes; M. Oelbermann; N.V. Thevathasan; A.M. Gordon. Assessing the impact of fertilizer application on net soil-derived emission budgets from a temperate willow (Salix miyabeana) short rotation coppice system. Biomass and Bioenergy 2018, 120, 135 -143.

AMA Style

K. Lutes, M. Oelbermann, N.V. Thevathasan, A.M. Gordon. Assessing the impact of fertilizer application on net soil-derived emission budgets from a temperate willow (Salix miyabeana) short rotation coppice system. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2018; 120 ():135-143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. Lutes; M. Oelbermann; N.V. Thevathasan; A.M. Gordon. 2018. "Assessing the impact of fertilizer application on net soil-derived emission budgets from a temperate willow (Salix miyabeana) short rotation coppice system." Biomass and Bioenergy 120, no. : 135-143.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2018 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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Biochar affects soil properties and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when used as an agricultural amendment. Using a field study, we quantified the effects of two different biochar treatments [3 t/ha poultry manure + 3 t ha−1 biochar (MB); and 3 t ha−1 poultry manure, 3 t ha−1 biochar + 135 kg N ha-1 (MNB)] compared to a non-biochar amended soil [6 t ha−1 poultry manure + 135 kg N ha-1 (MN)] on soil characteristics [organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), C/N, pH, moisture and temperature], crop metrics and temporal variations in NH4+N, NO3−-N and GHG over 2 years. MNB and MB treatments had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) soil moisture (16–22%), temperature (1–4%) and NO3−-N (24–39%) concentration compared to MN. The C/N ratio was 12% greater (p < 0.05) in biochar amended soil compared to MN. Crop metrics were not significantly different (p < 0.05). In both years, CO2 missions were significantly different (p < 0.05) among seasons (spring, summer, autumn) within and between treatments. N2O emissions were significantly different (p < 0.05) among seasons, and was 20% greater in the MNB treatment, in year 2 only. GHG emissions significantly (p < 0.05) correlated to soil moisture, temperature and NH4+. Our results demonstrated that biochar combined with poultry manure and/or N fertilizer caused no negative effects on soil and crops relative to commercial farming practices (poultry manure + mineral N fertilizer). We found that biochar influenced carbon (C) and N transformations in the soil-plant-atmosphere system and caused seasonal changes in GHG emissions.

ACS Style

M.A.A. Mechler; R.W. Jiang; T.K. Silverthorn; M. Oelbermann. Impact of biochar on soil characteristics and temporal greenhouse gas emissions: A field study from southern Canada. Biomass and Bioenergy 2018, 118, 154 -162.

AMA Style

M.A.A. Mechler, R.W. Jiang, T.K. Silverthorn, M. Oelbermann. Impact of biochar on soil characteristics and temporal greenhouse gas emissions: A field study from southern Canada. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2018; 118 ():154-162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.A.A. Mechler; R.W. Jiang; T.K. Silverthorn; M. Oelbermann. 2018. "Impact of biochar on soil characteristics and temporal greenhouse gas emissions: A field study from southern Canada." Biomass and Bioenergy 118, no. : 154-162.

Articles
Published: 16 November 2017 in International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
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Addressing food security with local and sustainable food production is a key requirement for supporting a globally sustainable agricultural system. Food insecurity is prevalent in Indigenous communities in Canada, especially in rural and remote regions of northern (subarctic and arctic) Canada. Further, climate change has disproportionately impacted subarctic and arctic regions worldwide − surface air temperatures are now more favourable for agricultural activities − offering the potential for local food production under ambient conditions. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) intercrops grown over a two-year period in two sites (treed, windbreak-lined with native willow, Salix. spp.; and non-treed, or open) in the subarctic Indigenous community of Fort Albany First Nation, Ontario, Canada. Intercrops grown in the windbreak-lined site produced significantly greater (p < 0.05) yields and biomass than the open site. An analysis of soil chemistry (pH, P, K, Mg, NO3, NH4 and total N) showed that with some local amendments such as offal and bone meal, both the windbreak-lined and open sites can support continued agricultural use. This study informs Indigenous communities across subarctic regions of the world that climate change not only brings challenges, but also opportunities, such as potentially sustainable local food production.

ACS Style

Christine D. Barbeau; Meaghan J. Wilton; Maren Oelbermann; Jim D. Karagatzides; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. Local food production in a subarctic Indigenous community: the use of willow (Salix spp.) windbreaks to increase the yield of intercropped potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 2017, 16, 29 -39.

AMA Style

Christine D. Barbeau, Meaghan J. Wilton, Maren Oelbermann, Jim D. Karagatzides, Leonard J. S. Tsuji. Local food production in a subarctic Indigenous community: the use of willow (Salix spp.) windbreaks to increase the yield of intercropped potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 2017; 16 (1):29-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine D. Barbeau; Meaghan J. Wilton; Maren Oelbermann; Jim D. Karagatzides; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. 2017. "Local food production in a subarctic Indigenous community: the use of willow (Salix spp.) windbreaks to increase the yield of intercropped potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 16, no. 1: 29-39.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Geoderma
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ACS Style

Amanda Bichel; Maren Oelbermann; Laura Echarte. Impact of residue addition on soil nitrogen dynamics in intercrop and sole crop agroecosystems. Geoderma 2017, 304, 12 -18.

AMA Style

Amanda Bichel, Maren Oelbermann, Laura Echarte. Impact of residue addition on soil nitrogen dynamics in intercrop and sole crop agroecosystems. Geoderma. 2017; 304 ():12-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanda Bichel; Maren Oelbermann; Laura Echarte. 2017. "Impact of residue addition on soil nitrogen dynamics in intercrop and sole crop agroecosystems." Geoderma 304, no. : 12-18.

Article
Published: 08 March 2017 in Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
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Using process-based models to predict changes in carbon (C) stocks enhances our knowledge on the long-term dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in various land management systems. The objective of this study was to apply the Century model to evaluate temporal SOC dynamics in two temperate intercrop systems [1:2 (one row of maize and two rows of soybeans); 2:3 intercrop (two rows of maize and three rows of soybean)] and in a maize and soybean sole crop. Upon initiation of intercropping, SOC increased by 47% after ≈ 100 years, whereas SOC in the maize sole crop increased by 21% and 2% in the soybean sole crop. The quantity of crop residue input was sufficient to increase the active (turnover time of months to years) SOC fraction in the intercrops and the maize sole crop, but not in the soybean sole crop. The slow fraction, with a turnover time of 20 to 50 years, increased in all crop systems and was the major driver of SOC accumulation. A 3 to 15% loss of SOC from the passive fraction, with a turnover time of 400 to 2000 years, in all crop systems showed the long-term impact of land-use conversion from historically undisturbed native grasslands to intensive agricultural production systems. This study provided an example of the potential of process-based models like Century to illustrate possible effects of cereal–legume intercropping on SOC dynamics and that the model was able to predict SOC stocks within –7 to +4% of measured values. We conclude, however that further fine-tuning of the model for application to cereal–legume intercrop systems is required in order to strengthen the relationship between measured and simulated values.

ACS Style

Maren Oelbermann; Laura Echarte; Lisa Marroquin; Svenja Morgan; Alison Regehr; Karen E. Vachon; Meaghan Wilton. Estimating soil carbon dynamics in intercrop and sole crop agroecosystems using the Century model. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 2017, 180, 241 -251.

AMA Style

Maren Oelbermann, Laura Echarte, Lisa Marroquin, Svenja Morgan, Alison Regehr, Karen E. Vachon, Meaghan Wilton. Estimating soil carbon dynamics in intercrop and sole crop agroecosystems using the Century model. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 2017; 180 (2):241-251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maren Oelbermann; Laura Echarte; Lisa Marroquin; Svenja Morgan; Alison Regehr; Karen E. Vachon; Meaghan Wilton. 2017. "Estimating soil carbon dynamics in intercrop and sole crop agroecosystems using the Century model." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 180, no. 2: 241-251.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2016 in FEMS Microbiology Ecology
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Despite progress in understanding microbial biogeography of surface soils, few studies have investigated depth-dependent distributions of terrestrial microorganisms in subsoils. We leveraged high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from soils collected from the rare Charitable Research Reserve (Cambridge, Ontario, Canada) to assess the influence of depth on bacterial communities across various land-use types. Although bacterial communities were strongly influenced by depth across all sites, the magnitude of this influence was variable and demonstrated that land-use attributes also played a significant role in shaping soil bacterial communities. Soil pH exhibited a large gradient across samples and strongly influenced shifts in bacterial communities with depth and across different land-use systems, especially considering that physicochemical conditions showed generally consistent trends with depth. We observed significant (p ≤ 0.001) and strongly correlated taxa with depth and pH, with a strong predominance of positively depth-correlated OTUs without cultured representatives. These findings highlight the importance of depth in soil biogeographical surveys and that subsurface soils harbour understudied bacterial members with potentially unique and important functions in deeper soil horizons that remain to be characterized.

ACS Style

Brent J. Seuradge; Maren Oelbermann; Josh D. Neufeld. Depth-dependent influence of different land-use systems on bacterial biogeography. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2016, 93, fiw239 .

AMA Style

Brent J. Seuradge, Maren Oelbermann, Josh D. Neufeld. Depth-dependent influence of different land-use systems on bacterial biogeography. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 2016; 93 (2):fiw239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brent J. Seuradge; Maren Oelbermann; Josh D. Neufeld. 2016. "Depth-dependent influence of different land-use systems on bacterial biogeography." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 93, no. 2: fiw239.

Research articles
Published: 01 November 2016 in Carbon Management
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Knowing short-term gains and losses of soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for understanding the role of different land management practices in climate change mitigation. This study evaluated the flow of carbon (C) in soil from two differently configured intercrops [1:2 (one row of maize and two rows soybean); 2:3 (two rows of maize and three rows of soybean)] compared to a maize and soybean sole crop as a result of residue addition. Addition of soybean or maize residues significantly increased (p < 0.05) SOC, light fraction (LF-C), and soil microbial biomass (SMB). Soil organic C from native sources was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than C from new (residue) sources. The LF had a significantly greater (p < 0.05) C content from new sources. Treatments amended with soybean residue had a significantly greater (p < 0.05) contribution from new C sources for SOC and LF than treatments amended with maize residue. The SMB-C was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the 2:3 intercrop. Cumulative soil CO2 emission was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in intercrops than in sole crops. CO2 emissions derived from new C sources was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that derived from native sources in maize amended treatments; and not significantly different (p < 0.05) for treatments amended with soybean residues.

ACS Style

Amanda Bichel; Maren Oelbermann; Paul Voroney; Laura Echarte. Sequestration of native soil organic carbon and residue carbon in complex agroecosystems. Carbon Management 2016, 7, 261 -270.

AMA Style

Amanda Bichel, Maren Oelbermann, Paul Voroney, Laura Echarte. Sequestration of native soil organic carbon and residue carbon in complex agroecosystems. Carbon Management. 2016; 7 (5-6):261-270.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanda Bichel; Maren Oelbermann; Paul Voroney; Laura Echarte. 2016. "Sequestration of native soil organic carbon and residue carbon in complex agroecosystems." Carbon Management 7, no. 5-6: 261-270.

Short communication
Published: 31 May 2016 in Carbon Management
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Research networks provide a framework for review, synthesis and systematic testing of theories by multiple scientists across international borders critical for addressing global-scale issues. In 2012, a GHG research network referred to as MAGGnet (Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Network) was established within the Croplands Research Group of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA). With involvement from 46 alliance member countries, MAGGnet seeks to provide a platform for the inventory and analysis of agricultural GHG mitigation research throughout the world. To date, metadata from 315 experimental studies in 20 countries have been compiled using a standardized spreadsheet. Most studies were completed (74%) and conducted within a 1–3-year duration (68%). Soil carbon and nitrous oxide emissions were measured in over 80% of the studies. Among plant variables, grain yield was assessed across studies most frequently (56%), followed by stover (35%) and root (9%) biomass. MAGGnet has contributed to modeling efforts and has spurred other research groups in the GRA to collect experimental site metadata using an adapted spreadsheet. With continued growth and investment, MAGGnet will leverage limited-resource investments by any one country to produce an inclusive, globally shared meta-database focused on the science of GHG mitigation.

ACS Style

M.A. Liebig; Alan Franzluebbers; Carolina Alvarez; T.D. Chiesa; Nuria Lewczuk; Gervasio Piñeiro; Gabriela Posse; L. Yahdjian; P. Grace; Osvaldo Cabral; L. Martin-Neto; R. De Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues; B. Amiro; D. Angers; X. Hao; Maren Oelbermann; M. Tenuta; Lars Munkholm; K. Regina; P. Cellier; F. Ehrhardt; Guy Richard; R. Dechow; F. Agus; N. Widiarta; J. Spink; Antonio Berti; C. Grignani; M. Mazzoncini; R. Orsini; P.P. Roggero; G. Seddaiu; F. Tei; Domenico Ventrella; G. Vitali; A. Kishimoto-Mo; Yasuhito Shirato; Shigeto Sudo; J. Shin; Louis Schipper; R. Savé; J. Leifeld; L. Spadavecchia; Jagadeesh Yeluripati; S. Del Grosso; C. Rice; J. Sawchik. MAGGnet: An international network to foster mitigation of agricultural greenhouse gases. Carbon Management 2016, 7, 243 -248.

AMA Style

M.A. Liebig, Alan Franzluebbers, Carolina Alvarez, T.D. Chiesa, Nuria Lewczuk, Gervasio Piñeiro, Gabriela Posse, L. Yahdjian, P. Grace, Osvaldo Cabral, L. Martin-Neto, R. De Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues, B. Amiro, D. Angers, X. Hao, Maren Oelbermann, M. Tenuta, Lars Munkholm, K. Regina, P. Cellier, F. Ehrhardt, Guy Richard, R. Dechow, F. Agus, N. Widiarta, J. Spink, Antonio Berti, C. Grignani, M. Mazzoncini, R. Orsini, P.P. Roggero, G. Seddaiu, F. Tei, Domenico Ventrella, G. Vitali, A. Kishimoto-Mo, Yasuhito Shirato, Shigeto Sudo, J. Shin, Louis Schipper, R. Savé, J. Leifeld, L. Spadavecchia, Jagadeesh Yeluripati, S. Del Grosso, C. Rice, J. Sawchik. MAGGnet: An international network to foster mitigation of agricultural greenhouse gases. Carbon Management. 2016; 7 (3-4):243-248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.A. Liebig; Alan Franzluebbers; Carolina Alvarez; T.D. Chiesa; Nuria Lewczuk; Gervasio Piñeiro; Gabriela Posse; L. Yahdjian; P. Grace; Osvaldo Cabral; L. Martin-Neto; R. De Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues; B. Amiro; D. Angers; X. Hao; Maren Oelbermann; M. Tenuta; Lars Munkholm; K. Regina; P. Cellier; F. Ehrhardt; Guy Richard; R. Dechow; F. Agus; N. Widiarta; J. Spink; Antonio Berti; C. Grignani; M. Mazzoncini; R. Orsini; P.P. Roggero; G. Seddaiu; F. Tei; Domenico Ventrella; G. Vitali; A. Kishimoto-Mo; Yasuhito Shirato; Shigeto Sudo; J. Shin; Louis Schipper; R. Savé; J. Leifeld; L. Spadavecchia; Jagadeesh Yeluripati; S. Del Grosso; C. Rice; J. Sawchik. 2016. "MAGGnet: An international network to foster mitigation of agricultural greenhouse gases." Carbon Management 7, no. 3-4: 243-248.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2016 in Agroforestry Systems
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Short-rotation coppice (SRC) systems are effective for long-term carbon (C) sequestration, however nitrogen (N) fertilizer application can lead to greater soil-derived carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. A SRC system with two different willow clones [S. miyabeana (SX67), S. dasyclados (SV1)] was evaluated for CO2–C and N2O–N emissions, and soil chemical characteristics in a split-plot design with fertilized and unfertilized treatments in southern Ontario, Canada. Soil temperature and moisture, and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were also quantified. Mean CO2–C emissions from SV1 and SX67 ranged from 72 to 91 mg CO2–C m−2 h−1 in fertilized treatments, and from 63 to 105 mg CO2–C m−2 h−1 in unfertilized treatments. Carbon dioxide emissions from the SV1 clone was significantly lower (p = 0.0001) than that from the SX67 clone, but were strongly influenced by seasonal temperature and moisture variability and availability of C substrates. Nitrous oxide emissions, and NO3− and NH4+ soil concentrations increased following fertilizer application. Mean N2O–N emissions from SV1 and SX67 from fertilized treatments ranged from 22 to 26 μg N2O–N m−2 h−1 and were significantly higher (p = 0.009) than emissions from unfertilized treatments ranging from 16 to 17 μg N2O–N m−2 h−1. Clone type did not significantly influence N2O–N emissions. Results indicated that N2O emissions were more strongly affected by inorganic N fertilizer application, than seasonal changes associated with soil moisture and temperature.

ACS Style

K. Lutes; M. Oelbermann; N. V. Thevathasan; A. M. Gordon. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on greenhouse gas emissions in two willow clones (Salix miyabeana and S. dasyclados) in southern Ontario, Canada. Agroforestry Systems 2016, 90, 785 -796.

AMA Style

K. Lutes, M. Oelbermann, N. V. Thevathasan, A. M. Gordon. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on greenhouse gas emissions in two willow clones (Salix miyabeana and S. dasyclados) in southern Ontario, Canada. Agroforestry Systems. 2016; 90 (5):785-796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. Lutes; M. Oelbermann; N. V. Thevathasan; A. M. Gordon. 2016. "Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on greenhouse gas emissions in two willow clones (Salix miyabeana and S. dasyclados) in southern Ontario, Canada." Agroforestry Systems 90, no. 5: 785-796.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2015 in Environmental Management
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ACS Style

Maren Oelbermann; Beverly A. Raimbault; A. M. Gordon. Erratum to: Riparian Land-Use and Rehabilitation: Impact on Organic Matter Input and Soil Respiration. Environmental Management 2015, 56, 569 -569.

AMA Style

Maren Oelbermann, Beverly A. Raimbault, A. M. Gordon. Erratum to: Riparian Land-Use and Rehabilitation: Impact on Organic Matter Input and Soil Respiration. Environmental Management. 2015; 56 (2):569-569.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maren Oelbermann; Beverly A. Raimbault; A. M. Gordon. 2015. "Erratum to: Riparian Land-Use and Rehabilitation: Impact on Organic Matter Input and Soil Respiration." Environmental Management 56, no. 2: 569-569.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2015 in Sustainability
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Aboriginal people in Canada experience disproportionately high rates of diet-related illnesses, such as obesity and diabetes. Food insecurity has been identified as a contributing factor to these illnesses along with a loss of traditional lifestyle. Current food systems within northern subarctic and arctic regions of Canada rely heavily on imported foods that are expensive (when available), and are environmentally unsustainable. A warming subarctic and arctic climate present challenges, but also offers the opportunity for local agricultural production that can increase food security and promote a more sustainable food system. In this study the feasibility of sustainably growing potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) utilizing agroforestry practices to enhance food security in remote subarctic communities is explored through a case study in Fort Albany First Nation in northern Ontario, Canada. Potato crops were grown over a two-year period and rotated into plots that had been planted with green bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Results showed that potatoes and bush beans could be grown successfully in the subarctic without the use of greenhouses with yields comparable to more conventional high-input agricultural methods. In subarctic Canada, sustainable local food production can help to promote social capital, healthier lifestyles, and food security.

ACS Style

Christine D. Barbeau; Maren Oelbermann; Jim D. Karagatzides; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: Producing Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Bush Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Improved Food Security and Resilience in a Canadian Subarctic First Nations Community. Sustainability 2015, 7, 5664 -5681.

AMA Style

Christine D. Barbeau, Maren Oelbermann, Jim D. Karagatzides, Leonard J. S. Tsuji. Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: Producing Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Bush Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Improved Food Security and Resilience in a Canadian Subarctic First Nations Community. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (5):5664-5681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine D. Barbeau; Maren Oelbermann; Jim D. Karagatzides; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. 2015. "Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: Producing Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Bush Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Improved Food Security and Resilience in a Canadian Subarctic First Nations Community." Sustainability 7, no. 5: 5664-5681.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Geoderma Regional
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ACS Style

Maren Oelbermann; Alison Regehr; Laura Echarte. Changes in soil characteristics after six seasons of cereal–legume intercropping in the Southern Pampa. Geoderma Regional 2015, 4, 100 -107.

AMA Style

Maren Oelbermann, Alison Regehr, Laura Echarte. Changes in soil characteristics after six seasons of cereal–legume intercropping in the Southern Pampa. Geoderma Regional. 2015; 4 ():100-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maren Oelbermann; Alison Regehr; Laura Echarte. 2015. "Changes in soil characteristics after six seasons of cereal–legume intercropping in the Southern Pampa." Geoderma Regional 4, no. : 100-107.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2015 in Plant and Soil
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Reliance on nitrogen (N) fertilizers to maintain crop productivity requires a thorough understanding of the transformation of this nutrient within the soil-plant system. Organic matter input from a mixture of crop residues, such intercrop systems, influence N transformations differently compared to sole crops. We tested the hypothesis that N mineralization and immobilization differ between cereal-legume intercrops and sole crops. A short-term experiment using 15N isotopic pool dilution was conducted in 2007 and 2012 in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) sole crops and 1:2 (1 row maize:2 rows soybean) and 2:3 (two rows maize:3 rows soybean) intercrops. Soil characteristics, gross mineralization and immobilization, and net immobilization to a 10 cm depth were quantified. Soil characteristics (pH, bulk density, soil organic carbon (C), total N, and C:N) were not significantly different (P P 4 +-N was significantly lower (P P 4 +-N immobilization was significantly different (P 4 +-N mineralized per day was significantly greater (P P 4 +-N was significantly longer (P Intercropping contributed to the long-term immobilization of N and therefore was a more sustainable land-management practice than sole cropping. The adoption of cereal-legume intercrops will curb our currently growing reliance on N fertilizers.

ACS Style

Alison Regehr; Maren Oelbermann; Cecilia Videla; Laura Echarte. Gross nitrogen mineralization and immobilization in temperate maize-soybean intercrops. Plant and Soil 2015, 391, 353 -365.

AMA Style

Alison Regehr, Maren Oelbermann, Cecilia Videla, Laura Echarte. Gross nitrogen mineralization and immobilization in temperate maize-soybean intercrops. Plant and Soil. 2015; 391 (1-2):353-365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alison Regehr; Maren Oelbermann; Cecilia Videla; Laura Echarte. 2015. "Gross nitrogen mineralization and immobilization in temperate maize-soybean intercrops." Plant and Soil 391, no. 1-2: 353-365.