Titanium alloys are considered lightweight alloys and are widely applied across various industries. However, titanium alloys are prone to wearing out or galvanic corrosion. In this paper, Ti6Al4V alloy was scanned by using a continuous laser in different atmospheres to prepare composite hardening coatings. The scanning speed was varied to adjust the heat input. When the alloy was irradiated in air, a whole coating composed of TiO₂ and TiN was fabricated. With the increase in scanning speed from 10 mm/s to 20 mm/s, the melting area of the surface decreased from about 1.8 mm to 0 mm, but the thickness of the coatings underwent no significant change. When prepared under compressed oxygen with a speed of 10 mm/s, a coating with a thickness of about 60 μm was prepared. In addition, the layered phenomenon occurred, and an N-enriched layer was formed at the bottom of the coating. The coatings were composed of TiO₂, TiN and Ti. With the increase in the scanning speed, the thickness of the coatings decreased obviously. The testing results show that the hardness of samples Ti-A10 and Ti-O10 increased by around 160% and 140% over that of untreated samples, respectively. The anti-corrosion performance of the samples treated via laser scanning was also improved.

The increasing demand for powering wireless sensors and wearable electronics has intensified the need for efficient and sustainable powering solutions. In this context, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising technology for sustainable power supply, converting ambient mechanical energy into electricity. To improve energy harvesting efficiency and durability, it is crucial to continuously enhance output performance and extend cycle life. Introducing an intermediate layer has proven effective in boosting TENG performance, however, most existing designs remain planar structures and do not fully maximize the charge storage potential of the intermediate layer. In this work, we introduced a novel approach to improving TENG performance through ultraviolet nanosecond laser-engineered intermediate layers. This method significantly enhanced TENG output, increasing the short-circuit current by 3.8 times (from 2.2 to 8.4 μA) and the open-circuit voltage by 2.3 times (from 160 to 370 V) compared to TENGs with flat intermediate layers. The improvement is attributed to an increased effective bonding area, which enhances charge storage capacity. In addition, the generated graphite oxide layer during processing and the laser heat affected layer on the underside of the polyimide intermediate layer accelerates charge accumulation and the charging speed increased by 3 times. We also systematically investigated the influence of laser power, speed, processing patterns, and intermediate layer thickness on TENG performance. The results show that the appropriate matching of laser parameters and the dielectric layer thickness can maximize TENG performance.