(1) Background: In-stent Restenosis (ISR) is a major factor influencing the prognosis and revascularization of target lesions. The plaque composition is unclear; therefore, it is critical to investigate ISR composition to identify clinical intervention markers. (2) Methods: This study was conducted on 36 patients with drug-eluting stent restenosis. The patients were classified into a Low Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio (L-NLR) and High Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio (H-NLR) according to the median NLR level of 36 patients. Discrepancies in the current information such as baseline data, biochemical examination, cardiac ultrasound data, etc., were examined to identify the underlying risk factors, and a multifactorial linear regression analysis of plaque properties was conducted. (3) Results: NLR = 2.64 was utilized to classify 18 patients into the L-NLR group and 18 patients into the H-NLR group. There were statistically significant differences in age, a pre-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) SYNTAX II score, a C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, plaque loading, a fibro-lipid tissue area, calcified nubs, and virtual histology-thin fibrous cap atherosclerotic (VH-TCFA). The significant impacts of variations in age, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels, and IL-6 levels on the plaque stress and percentage of the fibro-lipid tissue in virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) were identified through multifactorial linear regression. (4) Conclusions: The high NLR group demonstrated increased myocardial injury severity, consistent with higher SYNTAX II scores, a higher plaque burden, and higher proportions of vulnerable components. NLR proved to be a risk factor for both the plaque load and the proportion of the fibro-lipid tissue in ISR.

Chronic heart failure (HF) progression is closely linked to inflammatory pathways, yet the prognostic value of specific serum inflammatory biomarkers remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the association between serum inflammatory factors and disease severity/1-year prognosis in patients hospitalized with chronic HF. A total of 524 patients who were hospitalized with HF in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2022 were included. General data, New York Heart Association grade of cardiac function, biochemical data, serum inflammatory factors, and echocardiographic findings were recorded. Patients were followed up for 1 year and recorded endpoint events. Patients were categorized based on serum inflammatory factor levels into high- and low-level groups using the median method. One-way analysis was used to analyze changes in inflammatory factors among patients with HF with different cardiac function grades. Risk factors for cardiac function classification were analyzed using logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis was used to compare the incidence of endpoint events in patients with different inflammatory factor levels, and COX proportional risk regression analysis was further used to assess the predictors of endpoint events in patients with HF. All data were analyzed using the SPSS 27.0 (IBM [IBM SPSS Statistics], Chicago). Interleukin 2 receptor and interleukin 6 levels differed among the different cardiac function grades in patients with HF. Multiple logistic regression analysis shows that patients with higher interleukin 2 receptor and interleukin 1β had higher grade of cardiac function. Patients with higher interleukin 2 receptor and interleukin 6 levels were more likely to have a major adverse cardiovascular events event within 1 year. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis revealed that the survival rate of the high interleukin 1β, interleukin 2 receptor and interleukin 6 level groups was significantly lower than that of the low-level group. COX regression analysis revealed that lower tumor necrosis factor-α levels (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI] = 0.68 [0.466–0.922] P = .046), and high interleukin 1β (HR [95% CI] = 1.936 [1.343–2.791], P < .001), interleukin 2 receptor (HR [95% CI] = 2.237 [1.367–3.66], P = .001), and interleukin 6 (HR [95% CI] = 2.388 [1.57–3.633], P < .001) levels were independent risk factors for endpoint events in patients with chronic HF. interleukin 2 receptor, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1β predict the severity and prognosis of patients with chronic HF.