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Increasing attention is being given to the development of innovative formulations to substitute the use of synthetic chemicals to improve agricultural production and resource use efficiency. Alternatives can include biological products containing beneficial microorganisms and bioactive metabolites able to inhibit plant pathogens, induce systemic resistance and promote plant growth. The efficacy of such bioformulations can be increased by the addition of polymers as adjuvants or carriers. Trichoderma afroharzianum T22, Azotobacter chroococcum 76A and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP; a Trichoderma secondary metabolite) were administrated singularly or in a consortium, with or without a carboxymethyl cellulose-based biopolymer (BP), and tested on sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown in a protected greenhouse. The effect of the treatments on basil yield, photosynthetic activity and secondary metabolites production was assessed. Photosynthetic efficiency was augmented by the applications of the bioformulations. The applications to the rhizosphere with BP + 6PP and BP + T22 + 76A increased the total fresh weight of basil by 26.3% and 23.6%, respectively. Untargeted LC-MS qTOF analysis demonstrated that the plant metabolome was significantly modified by the treatments. Quantification of the profiles for the major phenolic acids indicated that the treatment with the T22 + 76A consortium increased rosmarinic acid content by 110%. The use of innovative bioformulations containing microbes, their metabolites and a biopolymer was found to modulate the cultivation of fresh basil by improving yield and quality, thus providing the opportunity to develop farming systems with minimal impact on the environmental footprint from the agricultural production process.
Ernesto Comite; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Valeria Ventorino; Olimpia Pepe; Assunta Borzacchiello; Francesco Vinale; Daniela Rigano; Alessia Staropoli; Matteo Lorito; Sheridan Woo. Bioformulations with Beneficial Microbial Consortia, a Bioactive Compound and Plant Biopolymers Modulate Sweet Basil Productivity, Photosynthetic Activity and Metabolites. Pathogens 2021, 10, 870 .
AMA StyleErnesto Comite, Christophe El-Nakhel, Youssef Rouphael, Valeria Ventorino, Olimpia Pepe, Assunta Borzacchiello, Francesco Vinale, Daniela Rigano, Alessia Staropoli, Matteo Lorito, Sheridan Woo. Bioformulations with Beneficial Microbial Consortia, a Bioactive Compound and Plant Biopolymers Modulate Sweet Basil Productivity, Photosynthetic Activity and Metabolites. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (7):870.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErnesto Comite; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Valeria Ventorino; Olimpia Pepe; Assunta Borzacchiello; Francesco Vinale; Daniela Rigano; Alessia Staropoli; Matteo Lorito; Sheridan Woo. 2021. "Bioformulations with Beneficial Microbial Consortia, a Bioactive Compound and Plant Biopolymers Modulate Sweet Basil Productivity, Photosynthetic Activity and Metabolites." Pathogens 10, no. 7: 870.
Plants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that induce metabolomic, transcriptomic, and behavioral reactions in receiver organisms, including insect pollinators and herbivores. VOCs’ composition and concentration may influence plant-insect or plant-plant interactions and affect soil microbes that may interfere in plant-plant communication. Many Trichoderma fungi act as biocontrol agents of phytopathogens and plant growth promoters. Moreover, they can stimulate plant defense mechanisms against insect pests. This study evaluated VOCs’ emission by olive trees (Olea europaea L.) when selected Trichoderma fungi or metabolites were used as soil treatments. Trichoderma harzianum strains M10, T22, and TH1, T. asperellum strain KV906, T. virens strain GV41, and their secondary metabolites harzianic acid (HA), and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP) were applied to olive trees. Charcoal cartridges were employed to adsorb olive VOCs, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis allowed their identification and quantification. A total of 45 volatile compounds were detected, and among these, twenty-five represented environmental pollutants and nineteen compounds were related to olive plant emission. Trichoderma strains and metabolites differentially enhanced VOCs production, affecting three biosynthetic pathways: methylerythritol 1-phosphate (MEP), lipid-signaling, and shikimate pathways. Multivariate analysis models showed a characteristic fingerprint of each plant-fungus/metabolite relationship, reflecting a different emission of VOCs by the treated plants. Specifically, strain M10 and the metabolites 6PP and HA enhanced the monoterpene syntheses by controlling the MEP pathway. Strains GV41, KV906, and the metabolite HA stimulated the hydrocarbon aldehyde formation (nonanal) by regulating the lipid-signaling pathway. Finally, Trichoderma strains GV41, M10, T22, TH1, and the metabolites HA and 6PP improve aromatic syntheses at different steps of the shikimate pathway.
Irene Dini; Roberta Marra; Pierpaolo Cavallo; Angela Pironti; Immacolata Sepe; Jacopo Troisi; Giovanni Scala; Pasquale Lombari; Francesco Vinale. Trichoderma Strains and Metabolites Selectively Increase the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Olive Trees. Metabolites 2021, 11, 213 .
AMA StyleIrene Dini, Roberta Marra, Pierpaolo Cavallo, Angela Pironti, Immacolata Sepe, Jacopo Troisi, Giovanni Scala, Pasquale Lombari, Francesco Vinale. Trichoderma Strains and Metabolites Selectively Increase the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Olive Trees. Metabolites. 2021; 11 (4):213.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Dini; Roberta Marra; Pierpaolo Cavallo; Angela Pironti; Immacolata Sepe; Jacopo Troisi; Giovanni Scala; Pasquale Lombari; Francesco Vinale. 2021. "Trichoderma Strains and Metabolites Selectively Increase the Production of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Olive Trees." Metabolites 11, no. 4: 213.
Some Trichoderma strains are known for their capacity to produce harzianic acid, a metabolite belonging to the tetramic acid derivatives. Harzianic acid has interesting biological properties, such as antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic fungi and promotion of plant growth. It also possesses remarkable chemical properties, including the chelating properties toward essential transition metals, which might be related to the biological activities. Increasing knowledge on chelating properties might be relevant for understanding the various beneficial effects of harzianic acid in the interaction between the producer fungi and plants. In this work, the coordination capacity of harzianic acid was studied to evaluate the formation and stability of complexes formed with toxic heavy metals (i.e., Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+), which might have a crucial role in the tolerance of plants growing in metal-contaminated soils and in abiotic stress.
Gaetano De Tommaso; Maria Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Vinale; Alessia Staropoli; Francesco Salvatore; Matteo Lorito; Mauro Iuliano; Anna Andolfi. Coordination Properties of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid toward Toxic Heavy Metals. Toxics 2021, 9, 19 .
AMA StyleGaetano De Tommaso, Maria Salvatore, Rosario Nicoletti, Marina DellaGreca, Francesco Vinale, Alessia Staropoli, Francesco Salvatore, Matteo Lorito, Mauro Iuliano, Anna Andolfi. Coordination Properties of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid toward Toxic Heavy Metals. Toxics. 2021; 9 (2):19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaetano De Tommaso; Maria Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Vinale; Alessia Staropoli; Francesco Salvatore; Matteo Lorito; Mauro Iuliano; Anna Andolfi. 2021. "Coordination Properties of the Fungal Metabolite Harzianic Acid toward Toxic Heavy Metals." Toxics 9, no. 2: 19.
An extensive literature search was performed to review current knowledge about endophytic fungi isolated from plants included in the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) dossier. The selected genera of plants were Acacia, Albizia, Bauhinia, Berberis, Caesalpinia, Cassia, Cornus, Hamamelis, Jasminus, Ligustrum, Lonicera, Nerium, and Robinia. A total of 120 fungal genera have been found in plant tissues originating from several countries. Bauhinia and Cornus showed the highest diversity of endophytes, whereas Hamamelis, Jasminus, Lonicera, and Robinia exhibited the lowest. The most frequently detected fungi were Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Penicillium, Phyllosticta, and Alternaria. Plants and plant products represent an inoculum source of several mutualistic or pathogenic fungi, including quarantine pathogens. Thus, the movement of living organisms across continents during international trade represents a serious threat to ecosystems and biosecurity measures should be taken at a global level.
Laura Gioia; Giada D’Errico; Martina Sinno; Marta Ranesi; Sheridan Woo; Francesco Vinale. A Survey of Endophytic Fungi Associated with High-Risk Plants Imported for Ornamental Purposes. Agriculture 2020, 10, 643 .
AMA StyleLaura Gioia, Giada D’Errico, Martina Sinno, Marta Ranesi, Sheridan Woo, Francesco Vinale. A Survey of Endophytic Fungi Associated with High-Risk Plants Imported for Ornamental Purposes. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (12):643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Gioia; Giada D’Errico; Martina Sinno; Marta Ranesi; Sheridan Woo; Francesco Vinale. 2020. "A Survey of Endophytic Fungi Associated with High-Risk Plants Imported for Ornamental Purposes." Agriculture 10, no. 12: 643.
Biocontrol fungal strains of the genus Trichoderma can antagonize numerous plant pathogens and promote plant growth using different mechanisms of action, including the production of secondary metabolites (SMs). In this work we analyzed the effects of repeated applications of selected Trichoderma strains or SMs on young olive trees on the stimulation of plant growth and on the development of olive leaf spot disease caused by Fusicladium oleagineum. In addition, metabolomic analyses and gene expression profiles of olive leaves were carried out by LC–MS Q-TOF and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. A total of 104 phenolic compounds were detected from olive leave extracts and 20 were putatively identified. Targeted and untargeted approaches revealed significant differences in both the number and type of phenolic compounds accumulated in olive leaves after Trichoderma applications, as compared to water-treated plants. Different secoiridoids were less abundant in treated plants than in controls, while the accumulation of flavonoids (including luteolin and apigenin derivatives) increased following the application of specific Trichoderma strain. The induction of defense-related genes, and of genes involved in the synthesis of the secoiridoid oleuropein, was also analyzed and revealed a significant variation of gene expression according to the strain or metabolite applied.
Roberta Marra; Mariangela Coppola; Angela Pironti; Filomena Grasso; Nadia Lombardi; Giada D’Errico; Andrea Sicari; Sergio Bolletti Censi; Sheridan L. Woo; Rosa Rao; Francesco Vinale. The Application of Trichoderma Strains or Metabolites Alters the Olive Leaf Metabolome and the Expression of Defense-Related Genes. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 369 .
AMA StyleRoberta Marra, Mariangela Coppola, Angela Pironti, Filomena Grasso, Nadia Lombardi, Giada D’Errico, Andrea Sicari, Sergio Bolletti Censi, Sheridan L. Woo, Rosa Rao, Francesco Vinale. The Application of Trichoderma Strains or Metabolites Alters the Olive Leaf Metabolome and the Expression of Defense-Related Genes. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (4):369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberta Marra; Mariangela Coppola; Angela Pironti; Filomena Grasso; Nadia Lombardi; Giada D’Errico; Andrea Sicari; Sergio Bolletti Censi; Sheridan L. Woo; Rosa Rao; Francesco Vinale. 2020. "The Application of Trichoderma Strains or Metabolites Alters the Olive Leaf Metabolome and the Expression of Defense-Related Genes." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4: 369.
Food plays a central role in health, especially through consumption of plant-derived foods. Functional foods, supplements, and nutraceuticals are increasingly entering the market to respond to consumer demand for healthy products. They are foods, supplements, and ingredients which offer health benefits beyond the standard nutritional value. Some benefits are associated with phenolic compounds and phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. An olive pâté (OP) was added with antioxidants derived from olive mill wastewater (OMWW) to obtain a functional product rich in phenolic compounds. The olive pâté is produced from the ground olive pericarp, which shows an excellent natural antioxidant content. The OMWW is a waste product from oil processing, which is also rich in phenolic compounds. The result was a product rich in trans-resveratrol, OH tyrosol, and tyrosol in concentrations such as satisfying the European community’s claims regarding the possible antioxidant action on plasma lipids with excellent shelf-life stability. The total phenolic content was assayed by a colorimetric method, the antioxidant activity by the ABTS [(2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] test, the phenolic profile by Q Exactive Orbitrap LC-MS/MS. The shelf-life stability was confirmed by yeast, molds, and total microbial count, pH, and water activity determinations, and the best pasteurization parameters were determined. The palatability was judged as excellent.
Pierpaolo Cavallo; Irene Dini; Immacolata Sepe; Gennaro Galasso; Francesca Luisa Fedele; Andrea Sicari; Sergio Bolletti Censi; Anna Gaspari; Alberto Ritieni; Matteo Lorito; Francesco Vinale. An Innovative Olive Pâté with Nutraceutical Properties. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 581 .
AMA StylePierpaolo Cavallo, Irene Dini, Immacolata Sepe, Gennaro Galasso, Francesca Luisa Fedele, Andrea Sicari, Sergio Bolletti Censi, Anna Gaspari, Alberto Ritieni, Matteo Lorito, Francesco Vinale. An Innovative Olive Pâté with Nutraceutical Properties. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (7):581.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierpaolo Cavallo; Irene Dini; Immacolata Sepe; Gennaro Galasso; Francesca Luisa Fedele; Andrea Sicari; Sergio Bolletti Censi; Anna Gaspari; Alberto Ritieni; Matteo Lorito; Francesco Vinale. 2020. "An Innovative Olive Pâté with Nutraceutical Properties." Antioxidants 9, no. 7: 581.
Selected microbial strains used as active ingredients of biopesticides for agricultural management practices (e.g., IPM, Integrated Pest Management) are known for their ability to control phytopathogens, promote plant growth, and/or induce disease resistance. Microbes belonging to the Trichoderma genus are considered as an appropriate example of beneficial microbes and are model organisms to study plant–microbe interactions. Several Trichoderma strains are marketed as biocontrol agents and are known to increase plant growth, stress tolerance, and nutrient availability. These effects have sometimes been related to the production of effector metabolites that beneficial microbes produce during the interaction with plant and other microbes. Secondary metabolites (SMs) comprise different classes of natural compounds with low molecular weight and having numerous biological roles, especially in the interactions among organisms. Metabolomic analysis of the interactions between plants, phytopathogens, and beneficial fungi aided in the identification of several bioactive fungal SMs that positively affect plant metabolism. Some of these compounds showed direct activity against phytopathogens, but also increased disease resistance by triggering the plant defence system, and/or enhanced vegetative growth. A new generation of bioformulations based on microbial metabolites and living consortia responsible for the desired beneficial effects on crops may overcome the difficulties associated with the use of a single living microbial strain.
Francesco Vinale; Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam. Beneficial effects of Trichoderma secondary metabolites on crops. Phytotherapy Research 2020, 34, 2835 -2842.
AMA StyleFrancesco Vinale, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam. Beneficial effects of Trichoderma secondary metabolites on crops. Phytotherapy Research. 2020; 34 (11):2835-2842.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesco Vinale; Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam. 2020. "Beneficial effects of Trichoderma secondary metabolites on crops." Phytotherapy Research 34, no. 11: 2835-2842.
Many Trichoderma are successfully used to improve agriculture productivity due to their capacity for biocontrol and to stimulate plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stress. This research elucidates the effect of applications with Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 (T22), or biopolymer (BP) alone or in combination (BP + T22 or BP + 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP); a Trichoderma secondary metabolite) on the crop performance, nutritional and functional quality of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cultivar Pixel). T22 elicited significant increases in total yield (+40.1%) compared to untreated tomato. The content of lycopene, an important antioxidant compound in tomatoes, significantly increased upon treatment with T22 (+ 49%), BP + T22 (+ 40%) and BP + 6PP (+ 52%) compared to the control. T22 treatments significantly increased the content of asparagine (+37%), GABA (+87%) and MEA (+102%) over the control; whereas BP alone strongly increased GABA (+105%) and MEA (+85%). The synthesis of these compounds implies that tomato plants are able to reuse the photorespiratory amino acids and ammonium for producing useful metabolites and reduce the pressure of photorespiration on plant metabolism, thus optimizing photosynthesis and growth. Finally, these metabolites exert many beneficial effects for human health, thus enhancing the premium quality of plum tomatoes.
Petronia Carillo; Sheridan L. Woo; Ernesto Comite; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Giovanna Marta Fusco; Assunta Borzacchiello; Stefania Lanzuise; Francesco Vinale. Application of Trichoderma harzianum, 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone and Plant Biopolymer Formulations Modulate Plant Metabolism and Fruit Quality of Plum Tomatoes. Plants 2020, 9, 771 .
AMA StylePetronia Carillo, Sheridan L. Woo, Ernesto Comite, Christophe El-Nakhel, Youssef Rouphael, Giovanna Marta Fusco, Assunta Borzacchiello, Stefania Lanzuise, Francesco Vinale. Application of Trichoderma harzianum, 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone and Plant Biopolymer Formulations Modulate Plant Metabolism and Fruit Quality of Plum Tomatoes. Plants. 2020; 9 (6):771.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetronia Carillo; Sheridan L. Woo; Ernesto Comite; Christophe El-Nakhel; Youssef Rouphael; Giovanna Marta Fusco; Assunta Borzacchiello; Stefania Lanzuise; Francesco Vinale. 2020. "Application of Trichoderma harzianum, 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone and Plant Biopolymer Formulations Modulate Plant Metabolism and Fruit Quality of Plum Tomatoes." Plants 9, no. 6: 771.
Semen cryopreservation determines several sperm damages, including the loss of fertility-associated proteins. The purpose of the study was to compare the metabolite contents in bovine sperm and seminal plasma before and after cryopreservation, and between high- and low-fertility bulls in vitro. Forty-eight ejaculates, collected from eight bulls (six per bull), were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Cryopreservation resulted in an over-expression of lysophosphatidylcholine (0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) in seminal plasma. In addition, higher levels of glycine betaine and pyro-l-glutaminyl-l-glutamine were observed in cryopreserved compared to fresh spermatozoa. The fresh seminal plasma of high-fertility bulls showed an over-expression of l-acetylcarnitine, glycerol tripropanoate, 2,3-diacetoxypropyl stearate and glycerophosphocholine, and an under-expression of lysophosphatidylcholine and butyrylcarnitine, compared to low-fertility bulls. Higher levels of glycerophosphocholine and lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0/0:0) were recorded in fresh spermatozoa from high-fertility bulls. In high-fertility bulls, a greater content of glycerophosphocholine and lower levels of butyrylcarnitine, glycine betaine and l-carnitine were found in cryopreserved seminal plasma, and lower levels of glycine betaine were detected in cryopreserved spermatozoa. In conclusion, cryopreservation affects bovine semen metabolome at both plasmatic and cellular compartments, and metabolic profile differs between high- and low-fertility bulls.
Valentina Longobardi; Michal A. Kosior; Nunzia Pagano; Gerardo Fatone; Alessia Staropoli; Anastasia Vassetti; Francesco Vinale; Giuseppe Campanile; Bianca Gasparrini. Changes in Bull Semen Metabolome in Relation to Cryopreservation and Fertility. Animals 2020, 10, 1065 .
AMA StyleValentina Longobardi, Michal A. Kosior, Nunzia Pagano, Gerardo Fatone, Alessia Staropoli, Anastasia Vassetti, Francesco Vinale, Giuseppe Campanile, Bianca Gasparrini. Changes in Bull Semen Metabolome in Relation to Cryopreservation and Fertility. Animals. 2020; 10 (6):1065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Longobardi; Michal A. Kosior; Nunzia Pagano; Gerardo Fatone; Alessia Staropoli; Anastasia Vassetti; Francesco Vinale; Giuseppe Campanile; Bianca Gasparrini. 2020. "Changes in Bull Semen Metabolome in Relation to Cryopreservation and Fertility." Animals 10, no. 6: 1065.
The emerging concern about the increase of antibiotic resistance has encouraged research efforts to develop effective alternatives to counteract bacterial infections. Herein, we studied a new perspective to therapeutic treatment against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, an opportunistic pathogen documented as the major cause of skin, ear, and post-operative bacterial infections in dogs and cats. Antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites produced by selected microbial strains belonging to Trichoderma, Talaromyces, Clonostachys and Coniothyrium fungal genera has been tested against S. pseudintermedius. Several extracts, particularly those obtained from Trichoderma harzianum E45 and ET45, showed a significant antimicrobial activity towards S. pseudintermedius methicillin-resistant (MRSP) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) strains. Bioassay-guided fractionation of E45 and ET45 extracts allowed to isolate harzianic acid as the major compound responsible for biological activities (e.g. antimicrobial, antibiofilm formation and biofilm disaggregation).
Anna De Filippis; Francesca Paola Nocera; Simona Tafuri; Francesca Ciani; Alessia Staropoli; Ernesto Comite; Assunta Bottiglieri; Laura Gioia; Matteo Lorito; Sheridan Lois Woo; Francesco Vinale; Luisa De Martino. Antimicrobial activity of harzianic acid against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Natural Product Research 2020, 1 -6.
AMA StyleAnna De Filippis, Francesca Paola Nocera, Simona Tafuri, Francesca Ciani, Alessia Staropoli, Ernesto Comite, Assunta Bottiglieri, Laura Gioia, Matteo Lorito, Sheridan Lois Woo, Francesco Vinale, Luisa De Martino. Antimicrobial activity of harzianic acid against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Natural Product Research. 2020; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna De Filippis; Francesca Paola Nocera; Simona Tafuri; Francesca Ciani; Alessia Staropoli; Ernesto Comite; Assunta Bottiglieri; Laura Gioia; Matteo Lorito; Sheridan Lois Woo; Francesco Vinale; Luisa De Martino. 2020. "Antimicrobial activity of harzianic acid against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius." Natural Product Research , no. : 1-6.
A diketopiperazine has been purified from a culture filtrate of the endophytic fungus Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa, isolated from healthy tissues of strawberry plants in a survey of microbes as sources of anti-bacterial metabolites. Its structure has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analyses and was found to be identical to cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe) purified from species of other fungal genera. This secondary metabolite has been selected following bioguided-assay fractionation against two strains of Salmonella enterica, the causal agent of bovine gastroenteritis. The diketopiperazine cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe), isolated for the first time from Paraphaeosphaeria species, showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 71.3 and 78.6 μg/mL against the two S. enterica strains. This finding may be significant in limiting the use of synthetic antibiotics in animal husbandry and reducing the emergence of bacterial multidrug resistance. Further in vivo experiments of P. sporulosa diketopiperazines are important for the future application of these metabolites.
Raffaele Carrieri; Giorgia Borriello; Giulio Piccirillo; Ernesto Lahoz; Roberto Sorrentino; Michele Cermola; Sergio Bolletti Bolletti Censi; Laura Grauso; Alfonso Mangoni; Francesco Vinale. Antibiotic Activity of a Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa-Produced Diketopiperazine against Salmonella enterica. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 83 .
AMA StyleRaffaele Carrieri, Giorgia Borriello, Giulio Piccirillo, Ernesto Lahoz, Roberto Sorrentino, Michele Cermola, Sergio Bolletti Bolletti Censi, Laura Grauso, Alfonso Mangoni, Francesco Vinale. Antibiotic Activity of a Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa-Produced Diketopiperazine against Salmonella enterica. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (2):83.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaffaele Carrieri; Giorgia Borriello; Giulio Piccirillo; Ernesto Lahoz; Roberto Sorrentino; Michele Cermola; Sergio Bolletti Bolletti Censi; Laura Grauso; Alfonso Mangoni; Francesco Vinale. 2020. "Antibiotic Activity of a Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa-Produced Diketopiperazine against Salmonella enterica." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 2: 83.
In the Rural Development Plan (2014–2020), the European Commission encouraged the conversion and supported the maintenance of organic farming. Organic olive oil (bioEVOO) production involves the use of environmentally sustainable fertilizers and the recycling of olive pomace (Pom) and olive vegetation waters (VW) to reduce the environmental impact of these wastes. An ecofriendly way to recycle olive wastes is to reuse them to extract bioactive compounds. In this study, the total phenolic compounds content, their profile and dosage, the antioxidant action in oil, pomace, and vegetation water was evaluated when the Trichoderma harzianum M10 was used as a biostimulant in agriculture. Two spectrophotometric tests (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS)) evaluated the antioxidant potential of samples, a spectrophotometric method estimated total phenolic content, and an Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)–Orbitrap method evaluated the phenolics profile. Our results showed that the biostimulation improved the antioxidant potential and the total concentration of phenolics in the bioEVOO and bio-pomace (bioPom) samples and mainly enhanced, among all classes of phenolic compounds, the production of the flavonoids and the secoiridoids. Moreover, they demonstrated the Trichoderma action in the mevalonate pathway to produce phenols for the first time. The decisive action of the Thricoderma on the production of phenolic compounds increases the economic value of the waste materials as a source of bioactive compounds useful for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
Irene Dini; Giulia Graziani; Francalisa Luisa Fedele; Andrea Sicari; Francesco Vinale; Luigi Castaldo; Alberto Ritieni. An Environmentally Friendly Practice Used in Olive Cultivation Capable of Increasing Commercial Interest in Waste Products from Oil Processing. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 466 .
AMA StyleIrene Dini, Giulia Graziani, Francalisa Luisa Fedele, Andrea Sicari, Francesco Vinale, Luigi Castaldo, Alberto Ritieni. An Environmentally Friendly Practice Used in Olive Cultivation Capable of Increasing Commercial Interest in Waste Products from Oil Processing. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (6):466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Dini; Giulia Graziani; Francalisa Luisa Fedele; Andrea Sicari; Francesco Vinale; Luigi Castaldo; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "An Environmentally Friendly Practice Used in Olive Cultivation Capable of Increasing Commercial Interest in Waste Products from Oil Processing." Antioxidants 9, no. 6: 466.
Fungi of the genus Trichoderma produce secondary metabolites having several biological activities that affect plant metabolism. We examined the effect of three Trichoderma bioactive metabolites (BAMs), namely 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP), harzianic acid (HA) and hydrophobin 1 (HYTLO1), on yield, fruit quality and protein representation of strawberry plants. In particular, 6PP and HA increased plant yield and number of fruits, when compared to control, while HYTLO1 promoted the growth of the roots, increased the total soluble solid up to 19% and the accumulation of ascorbic acid and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in red ripened fruits. Strawberry proteomic analysis showed that BAMs influenced the representation of proteins associated with protein metabolism, response to stress/external stimuli, vesicle trafficking, carbon/energy and secondary metabolism. Results suggest that the application of Trichoderma BAMs affects strawberry plant productivity and fruit quality, and integrate previous observations on deregulated molecular processes in roots and leaves of Trichoderma-treated plants with original data on fruits.
Nadia Lombardi; Anna Maria Salzano; Antonio Dario Troise; Andrea Scaloni; Paola Vitaglione; Francesco Vinale; Roberta Marra; Simonetta Caira; Matteo Lorito; Giada D’Errico; Stefania Lanzuise; Sheridan Lois Woo. Effect of Trichoderma Bioactive Metabolite Treatments on the Production, Quality, and Protein Profile of Strawberry Fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2020, 68, 7246 -7258.
AMA StyleNadia Lombardi, Anna Maria Salzano, Antonio Dario Troise, Andrea Scaloni, Paola Vitaglione, Francesco Vinale, Roberta Marra, Simonetta Caira, Matteo Lorito, Giada D’Errico, Stefania Lanzuise, Sheridan Lois Woo. Effect of Trichoderma Bioactive Metabolite Treatments on the Production, Quality, and Protein Profile of Strawberry Fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2020; 68 (27):7246-7258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNadia Lombardi; Anna Maria Salzano; Antonio Dario Troise; Andrea Scaloni; Paola Vitaglione; Francesco Vinale; Roberta Marra; Simonetta Caira; Matteo Lorito; Giada D’Errico; Stefania Lanzuise; Sheridan Lois Woo. 2020. "Effect of Trichoderma Bioactive Metabolite Treatments on the Production, Quality, and Protein Profile of Strawberry Fruits." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68, no. 27: 7246-7258.
Application of organic amendments is considered an eco-friendly practice to promote soil fertility and suppressiveness against a wide range of soil-borne pathogens. However, limited information is available about the capabilities of organic amendments to control virus disease. In this study, the suppressiveness of different organic amendments (i.e., compost manure, biochar, alfalfa straw, and glucose) was determined against the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on tomato plants in a 1-year-long mesocosm experiment. Organic treatments were compared to the ordinary soil management based on mineral fertilizers and fumigation. Tomato seedlings were inoculated with TSWV and the infection and symptoms were assessed three weeks later. The disease incidence was higher in soil treated with mineral fertilizers and fumigation (>80%) compared to the application of organic amendments, with alfalfa straw and biochar recording the lowest incidence (
Giuliano Bonanomi; Daniela Alioto; Maria Minutolo; Roberta Marra; Gaspare Cesarano; Francesco Vinale. Organic Amendments Modulate Soil Microbiota and Reduce Virus Disease Incidence in the TSWV-Tomato Pathosystem. Pathogens 2020, 9, 379 .
AMA StyleGiuliano Bonanomi, Daniela Alioto, Maria Minutolo, Roberta Marra, Gaspare Cesarano, Francesco Vinale. Organic Amendments Modulate Soil Microbiota and Reduce Virus Disease Incidence in the TSWV-Tomato Pathosystem. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (5):379.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuliano Bonanomi; Daniela Alioto; Maria Minutolo; Roberta Marra; Gaspare Cesarano; Francesco Vinale. 2020. "Organic Amendments Modulate Soil Microbiota and Reduce Virus Disease Incidence in the TSWV-Tomato Pathosystem." Pathogens 9, no. 5: 379.
Harzianic acid is a secondary metabolite of Trichoderma, structurally belonging to the dienyltetramic acid subgroup of the tetramic acids. Biological activities of harzianic acid are of great interest for its antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting activities, which might be related to its chelating properties. In the present work harzianic acid, isolated from cultures of a strain of Trichoderma pleuroticola associated to the gastropod Melarhaphe neritoides, was studied as a complexant agent of a number of biologically relevant transition metals (i.e., Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+), using UV-VIS, potentiometry, MS and NMR techniques. Our findings show the coordination capacity of harzianic acid toward the above cations through the formation of neutral or charged complexes in a variable ratio depending on the metal and pH conditions.
Gaetano De Tommaso; Maria Michela Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Vinale; Assunta Bottiglieri; Alessia Staropoli; Francesco Salvatore; Matteo Lorito; Mauro Iuliano; Anna Andolfi. Bivalent Metal-Chelating Properties of Harzianic Acid Produced by Trichoderma pleuroticola Associated to the Gastropod Melarhaphe neritoides. Molecules 2020, 25, 2147 .
AMA StyleGaetano De Tommaso, Maria Michela Salvatore, Rosario Nicoletti, Marina DellaGreca, Francesco Vinale, Assunta Bottiglieri, Alessia Staropoli, Francesco Salvatore, Matteo Lorito, Mauro Iuliano, Anna Andolfi. Bivalent Metal-Chelating Properties of Harzianic Acid Produced by Trichoderma pleuroticola Associated to the Gastropod Melarhaphe neritoides. Molecules. 2020; 25 (9):2147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaetano De Tommaso; Maria Michela Salvatore; Rosario Nicoletti; Marina DellaGreca; Francesco Vinale; Assunta Bottiglieri; Alessia Staropoli; Francesco Salvatore; Matteo Lorito; Mauro Iuliano; Anna Andolfi. 2020. "Bivalent Metal-Chelating Properties of Harzianic Acid Produced by Trichoderma pleuroticola Associated to the Gastropod Melarhaphe neritoides." Molecules 25, no. 9: 2147.
This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for early pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes subjected to artificial insemination (AI). The study was carried out on 10 pregnant and 10 non-pregnant buffaloes that were synchronized by Ovsynch-Timed Artificial Insemination Program and have undergone the first AI. Furthermore, milk samples were individually collected ten days before AI (the start of the synchronization treatment), on the day of AI, day 7 and 18 after AI, and were analyzed by LC–MS. Statistical analysis was carried out by using Mass Profile Professional (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Metabolomic analysis revealed the presence of several metabolites differentially expressed between pregnant and non-pregnant buffaloes. Among these, a total of five metabolites were identified by comparison with an online database and a standard compound as acetylcarnitine (3-Acetoxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate), arginine-succinic acid hydrate, 5′-O-{[3-({4-[(3aminopropyl)amino]butyl}amino)propyl]carbamoyl}-2′-deoxyadenosine, N-(1-Hydroxy-2-hexadecanyl)pentadecanamide, and N-[2,3-Bis(dodecyloxy)propyl]-L-lysinamide). Interestingly, acetylcarnitine was dominant in milk samples collected from non-pregnant buffaloes. The results obtained from milk metabolic profile and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant buffaloes, as well as in the metabolite expression. Overall, the findings indicate the potential of milk metabolomics as a powerful tool to identify biomarkers of early pregnancy in buffalo undergoing AI.
Donato De Nicola; Francesco Vinale; Angela Salzano; Giada D’Errico; Anastasia Vassetti; Nunzia D’Onofrio; Maria Luisa Balestrieri; Gianluca Neglia. Milk Metabolomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Early Prediction of Pregnancy in Buffaloes Having Undergone Artificial Insemination. Animals 2020, 10, 758 .
AMA StyleDonato De Nicola, Francesco Vinale, Angela Salzano, Giada D’Errico, Anastasia Vassetti, Nunzia D’Onofrio, Maria Luisa Balestrieri, Gianluca Neglia. Milk Metabolomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Early Prediction of Pregnancy in Buffaloes Having Undergone Artificial Insemination. Animals. 2020; 10 (5):758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonato De Nicola; Francesco Vinale; Angela Salzano; Giada D’Errico; Anastasia Vassetti; Nunzia D’Onofrio; Maria Luisa Balestrieri; Gianluca Neglia. 2020. "Milk Metabolomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Early Prediction of Pregnancy in Buffaloes Having Undergone Artificial Insemination." Animals 10, no. 5: 758.
Biofilm protects bacteria against the host’s immune system and adverse environmental conditions. Several studies highlight the efficacy of lytic phages in the prevention and eradication of bacterial biofilms. In this study, the lytic activity of Xccφ1 (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris-specific phage) was evaluated in combination with 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (a secondary metabolite produced by Trichoderma atroviride P1) and the mineral hydroxyapatite. Then, the antibiofilm activity of this interaction, called a φHA6PP complex, was investigated using confocal laser microscopy under static and dynamic conditions. Additionally, the mechanism used by the complex to modulate the genes (rpf, gumB, clp and manA) involved in the biofilm formation and stability was also studied. Our results demonstrated that Xccφ1, alone or in combination with 6PP and HA, interfered with the gene pathways involved in the formation of biofilm. This approach can be used as a model for other biofilm-producing bacteria.
Marina Papaianni; Annarita Ricciardelli; Andrea Fulgione; Giada D’Errico; Astolfo Zoina; Matteo Lorito; Sheridan L. Woo; Francesco Vinale; Rosanna Capparelli. Antibiofilm Activity of a Trichoderma Metabolite against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Alone and in Association with a Phage. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 620 .
AMA StyleMarina Papaianni, Annarita Ricciardelli, Andrea Fulgione, Giada D’Errico, Astolfo Zoina, Matteo Lorito, Sheridan L. Woo, Francesco Vinale, Rosanna Capparelli. Antibiofilm Activity of a Trichoderma Metabolite against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Alone and in Association with a Phage. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (5):620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Papaianni; Annarita Ricciardelli; Andrea Fulgione; Giada D’Errico; Astolfo Zoina; Matteo Lorito; Sheridan L. Woo; Francesco Vinale; Rosanna Capparelli. 2020. "Antibiofilm Activity of a Trichoderma Metabolite against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Alone and in Association with a Phage." Microorganisms 8, no. 5: 620.
Olive trees are grown on five continents. Fertilization of fields, pest control management, olive leaves, olive pomaces, and olive mill wastewaters have a substantial environmental impact. It is possible to reduce this problem by using organic products to cultivate and decrease olive oil processing waste by recovering the bioactive molecules. In this work, the effects of biostimulation, with beneficial microbes belonging to the Trichoderma genera, and with Trichoderma secondary metabolites (6PP and the HA) were evaluated on the phenolic profile and the antioxidant potential of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olive leaf samples to make them more commercially attractive as a source of phytochemicals useful for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Phenolics were identified and quantified by a spectrometer method using Q Exactive Orbitrap UHPLC-MS/MS (Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography). Antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically by the DPPH test. The use of Trichoderma strains, 6PP (6-Pentyl--Pyrone) and HA (Harzianic Acid), was demonstrated as an effective strategy to increase the leaves' economic value as a source of phytochemicals (flavonoids, lignans, and oleuropein) useful for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Irene Dini; Giulia Graziani; Francesca Luisa Fedele; Andrea Sicari; Francesco Vinale; Luigi Castaldo; Alberto Ritieni. Effects of Trichoderma Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 284 .
AMA StyleIrene Dini, Giulia Graziani, Francesca Luisa Fedele, Andrea Sicari, Francesco Vinale, Luigi Castaldo, Alberto Ritieni. Effects of Trichoderma Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (4):284.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrene Dini; Giulia Graziani; Francesca Luisa Fedele; Andrea Sicari; Francesco Vinale; Luigi Castaldo; Alberto Ritieni. 2020. "Effects of Trichoderma Biostimulation on the Phenolic Profile of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Oil By-Products." Antioxidants 9, no. 4: 284.
Algae have multiple similarities with fungi, with both belonging to the Thallophyte, a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms grouped together on the basis of similar characteristics, but not sharing a common ancestor. The main difference between algae and fungi is noted in their metabolism. In fact, although algae have chlorophyll-bearing thalloids and are autotrophic organisms, fungi lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophic, not able to synthesize their own nutrients. However, our studies have shown that the extremophilic microalga Galderia sulphuraria (GS) can also grow very well in heterotrophic conditions like fungi. This study was carried out using several approaches such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR). Results showed that the GS, strain ACUF 064, cultured in autotrophic (AGS) and heterotrophic (HGS) conditions, produced different biomolecules. In particular, when grown in HGS, the algae (i) was 30% larger, with an increase in carbon mass that was 20% greater than AGS; (ii) produced higher quantities of stearic acid, oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and ergosterol; (iii) produced lower quantities of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) such as methyl palmytate, and methyl linoleate, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and poyliunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). ATR-FTIR and principal component analysis (PCA) statistical analysis confirmed that the macromolecular content of HGS was significantly different from AGS. The ability to produce different macromolecules by changing the trophic conditions may represent an interesting strategy to induce microalgae to produce different biomolecules that can find applications in several fields such as food, feed, nutraceutical, or energy production.
Roberto Barone; Lorenzo De Napoli; Luciano Mayol; Marina Paolucci; Maria Grazia Volpe; Luigi D’Elia; Antonino Pollio; Marco Guida; Edvige Gambino; Federica Carraturo; Roberta Marra; Francesco Vinale; Sheridan Lois Woo; Matteo Lorito. Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta). Marine Drugs 2020, 18, 169 .
AMA StyleRoberto Barone, Lorenzo De Napoli, Luciano Mayol, Marina Paolucci, Maria Grazia Volpe, Luigi D’Elia, Antonino Pollio, Marco Guida, Edvige Gambino, Federica Carraturo, Roberta Marra, Francesco Vinale, Sheridan Lois Woo, Matteo Lorito. Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta). Marine Drugs. 2020; 18 (3):169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberto Barone; Lorenzo De Napoli; Luciano Mayol; Marina Paolucci; Maria Grazia Volpe; Luigi D’Elia; Antonino Pollio; Marco Guida; Edvige Gambino; Federica Carraturo; Roberta Marra; Francesco Vinale; Sheridan Lois Woo; Matteo Lorito. 2020. "Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)." Marine Drugs 18, no. 3: 169.
Endophytic fungi have several well-established beneficial effects on plant health and growth, and are a huge source of bioactive compounds. The endophyte Drechslera sp. strain 678, isolated from the roots of an Australian native grass Neurachne alopecuroidea, demonstrated efficacy against four plant pathogens (Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata). In addition, strain 678 was capable of degrading a common additive used in gasoline, known as methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MtBE). Thus, the organic extracts obtained from the culture filtrate of strain 678 were studied. Metabolomic analysis revealed the presence of two major bioactive metabolites, monocerin and an alkynyl substituted epoxycyclohexenone derivative, which showed good antifungal activity. The Drechslera sp. strain 678 and its compounds show promise for applications in biocontrol and bioremediation activities in agriculture or as a remediation option for MtBE contamination in soil.
Giada D’Errico; Veronica Aloj; Gavin Flematti; Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam; Carol M. Worth; Nadia Lombardi; Alberto Ritieni; Roberta Marra; Matteo Lorito; Francesco Vinale. Metabolites of a Drechslera sp. endophyte with potential as biocontrol and bioremediation agent. Natural Product Research 2020, 1 -9.
AMA StyleGiada D’Errico, Veronica Aloj, Gavin Flematti, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, Carol M. Worth, Nadia Lombardi, Alberto Ritieni, Roberta Marra, Matteo Lorito, Francesco Vinale. Metabolites of a Drechslera sp. endophyte with potential as biocontrol and bioremediation agent. Natural Product Research. 2020; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiada D’Errico; Veronica Aloj; Gavin Flematti; Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam; Carol M. Worth; Nadia Lombardi; Alberto Ritieni; Roberta Marra; Matteo Lorito; Francesco Vinale. 2020. "Metabolites of a Drechslera sp. endophyte with potential as biocontrol and bioremediation agent." Natural Product Research , no. : 1-9.