The targeted delivery of anticancer drugs for improving the therapeutic efficacy and reducing the side effects has attracted great attention in cancer therapy. In this study, multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles-loaded thermosensitive liposomes (Fe₃O₄–TSL) were developed for the near-infrared (NIR) laser-triggered release and combined photothermal–chemotherapy of tumors. Doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated into the Fe₃O₄–TSL (DOX–Fe₃O₄–TSL) via an ammonium sulfate gradient, with an encapsulation efficiency of up to 90.9%. Once treated with NIR laser irradiation, significantly improved drug release was observed in the DOX–Fe₃O₄–TSL compared to that of DOX–TSL. After an intravenous injection, Fe₃O₄–TSL tended to enrich in the tumor over time and showed remarkable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photothermal effects. The combined chemo–photothermal therapy study demonstrated that DOX–Fe₃O₄–TSL could significantly inhibit the tumor growth without causing any significant damage to normal tissues under NIR laser irradiation. These results revealed a great potential for DOX–Fe₃O₄–TSL for the diagnosis and synergistic therapy of tumors.

Calvarial bone defect remains a clinical challenge due to the lack of efficient osteo-inductive agent. Herein, a novel calcium and phosphorus codoped carbon dot (Ca/P-CD) for bone regeneration was synthesized using phosphoethanolamine and calcium gluconate as precursors. The resultant Ca/P-CDs exhibited ultra-small size, stable excitation dependent emission spectra and favorable dispersibility in water. Moreover, Ca/P-CDs with good biocompatibility rapidly entered the cytoplasm through endocytosis and increased the expression of bone differentiation genes. After mixing with temperature-sensitive hydrogel, Ca/P-CDs were injected in situ into calvarial defect and promoted the repair of bone injury. These Ca/P-CDs provide a new treatment method for the bone repair and should be expended the application in the biomedical fields.