Caffeine and trigonelline are found in Coffea arabica, and show antioxidant roles and growth and development functions. However, there are no reports on trigonelline and caffeine in relation to coffee rooting. The aim was to evaluate the impact of application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and melatonin on caffeine and trigonelline at different stages of adventitious rooting in cuttings. In addition, to study the correlation between these metabolites and H₂O₂, phenols, and antioxidant enzymes. Four treatments (Control, melatonin 21 µM (M21), melatonin 43 µM (M43), and IBA 7380 µM (IBA)) were used, with four replications. The growth and biochemical parameters of the antioxidant system were performed in induction, initiation, and extension rooting stages. Higher concentrations of trigonelline and caffeine quantified in the induction and initiation stages were positively correlated with higher percentage of rooted cuttings. Trigonelline and caffeine were positively correlated with H₂O₂ in all stages of development of adventitious roots. The correlations of trigoneline and caffeine with phenols and antioxidant enzymes reveal different profiles, depending on the phases. The results indicate that IBA and melatonin increase trigonelline and caffeine during the induction and initiation of adventitious roots in Coffea arabica cuttings, which is correlated with a higher percentage of rooted cuttings.

The irrigation with saline water affects the growth of sugar-apple plants. Some reports indicate that phosphorus affects the plants growth, with positive effects on the salts attenuation. This study aimed to assess the effects of the irrigation water electrical conductivity (iwEC) levels and triple superphosphate (TSP) doses in the growth and leaf levels of sugar-apple seedlings (Annona squamosa L.). The experiment was conducted in a protected environment, in an experimental design of randomized block, with nine treatments that combined phosphorus doses (0.00 g dm^-1, 1.10 g dm^-1, 3.00 g dm^-1, 5.13 g dm^-1 and 6.00 g dm^-1 of TSP) with irrigation water electrical conductivity (0.50 dS m^-1, 1.10 dS m^-1, 2.50 dS m^-1, 3.91 dS m^-1 and 4.50 dS m^-1), to evaluate the growth and leaf levels of Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺² and P of sugar-apple seedlings. The increased curve for stem diameter presented by plants was proportional to the amount of TSP. Nevertheless, the iwEC levels were inversely proportional to this variable. The use of TSP directly affected the plant height (2.02 g dm^-2/14.50 cm), dry mass (1.25 g dm^-2/0.90 g) and total dry mass (2.32 g dm^-2/2.00 g). The increase in the iwEC levels was directly proportional to the Na⁺ values (16.20 mg g^-1), as well as to the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio (1.48 mg g^-1), which cause metabolic disorders in the cellular environment. The TSP doses improve the seedlings growth, proving to be not phytotoxic; however, in combination with the iwEC, they reduce the amount of K⁺ in sugar-apple seedlings.

This study aims to evaluate the production of biomass of different cattle manure, and biofertilizer concentrations. The experiment was conducted between April and June 2014 in a greenhouse at the seedling production nursery of the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba (PB) state. The experiment was completely randomized in a 5 x 2 factorial design corresponding to five levels of cattle manure (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the substrate volume) in the absence, and the presence of a biofertilizer. The propagation material was giant yellow passion fruits with 95 to 100% of purity purchased in the local market. After 60 days, the following variables were evaluated: root dry matter (RDM), plant dry matter (PDM), root biomass (RB), shoot biomass (SB), plant biomass (PB), biomass percentage (BP), effective leaf area (ELA) and leaf area ratio (LAR). The interaction between cattle manure and fertilizer concentrations was significant for root dry matter, mass of total plant dry matter, root biomass, shoot biomass and total plant biomass. In turn, cattle manure affected significantly biomass percentage, effective leaf area and leaf area ratio. Cattle manure and biofertilizer make the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings feasible. Key words: Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener., alternative sources, propagation, protected environment.

The production of yellow passion fruit seedlings is common among producers. Low cost techniques to maximize and reduce the cost of production with the application of cattle manure make the production of seedlings feasible. The objective of experiment was to evaluate different concentrations of cattle manure in substrate with and without liquid the biofertilizer in the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Catolé do Rocha county, Paraíba state. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with 5 repetitions end 3 plants per plot. The treatments consisted of five concentrations of cattle manure (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% of the substrate volume), without and with the biofertilizer (10 mL plant-1). Sixty days after sowing, the following items were evaluated: plant height; number of leaves; root length; leaf area; leaf fresh mass; stem fresh mass; root fresh mass; aerial part fresh mass; total plant fresh mass; aerial part dry mass, and the Dickson quality index. The concentrations between 38 and 69% of composted cattle manure combined with the application of liquid biofertilizer increased the initial growth of yellow passion fruit plants, making its use feasible in the production of seedlings.