Exploring the effect of new-type urbanization (NTU) on urban carbon abatement is of great practical significance for promoting urban green construction and coping with the challenge of global climate change. This study used data from 250 cities in China from 2008 to 2020 and constructed the NTU evaluation indicator system from five dimensions. We used classical panel regression models to examine the effects of NTU on urban CO₂ emissions, and further used spatial econometric models of SEM, SAR, and SDM to identify the spatial spillover effects of NTU on urban CO₂ emissions. The main results are that China’s NTU and CO₂ emissions are generally rising, and NTU has a significantly negative effect on urban CO₂ emissions, with an impact coefficient of −0.9339; the conclusions still hold after subsequent robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that NTU’s carbon abatement effect is more pronounced in resource-based cities, old industrial areas, and cities with lower urbanization levels and higher innovation levels. Mechanism analysis shows that improving urban technological innovation and optimizing resource allocation are important paths for realizing urban CO₂ emission reduction. NTU’s effect on urban CO₂ emissions has a noticeable spatial spillover. Our findings provide policy makers with solid support for driving high-quality urban development and dual-carbon targets.

Within the “dual carbon” framework, sustainable agriculture is pivotal for climate change mitigation and long-term agricultural health. To explore the environmental effects of agricultural trade, this study assesses the carbon emissions from agriculture using information from 30 provinces in China (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan due to a lack of available data) from 2001 to 2021. Then, we analyzed the impact of agricultural trade on agricultural carbon emissions and tested for the possible existence of mechanisms. Finally, we validate the synergistic effects of agricultural trade on pollution and carbon abatement. The findings were as follows: (1) Agricultural trade significantly suppresses agricultural carbon emissions. (2) Agricultural technological progress and the rationalization of the structure of the agricultural industry are the two influencing mechanisms. (3) The inhibitory effect of agricultural trade on agricultural carbon emissions is more pronounced in southern regions and regions with lower degree of topographic relief and higher agricultural industrial agglomeration. (4) Agricultural trade fosters the collaborative advancement of mitigating agricultural pollution and reducing carbon emissions. As a result, this study confirms that agricultural trade has a role in reducing carbon emissions and that giving full play to the environmental effects of trade in agricultural products contributes to the high-quality development of agriculture.