Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) represent a significant public health concern, with mild-to-moderate cases comprising a substantial portion of incidents. Understanding the predictors of mortality among adult patients with mild-to-moderate TBIs is crucial for optimizing clinical management and improving outcomes. This literature review examines the existing research to identify and analyze the mortality predictors in this patient population. Through a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed articles and clinical studies, key prognostic factors, such as age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, the presence of intracranial hemorrhage, pupillary reactivity, and coexisting medical conditions, are explored. Additionally, this review investigates the role of advanced imaging modalities, biomarkers, and scoring systems in predicting mortality following a mild-to-moderate TBI. By synthesizing the findings from diverse studies, this review aims to provide clinicians and researchers with valuable insights into the factors influencing mortality outcomes in adult patients with a mild-to-moderate TBI, thus facilitating more informed decision making and targeted interventions in clinical practice.

This review compares the efficacy of video laryngoscopy (VL) with that of direct laryngoscopy (DL) in adult patients with difficult airways who require emergency intubation. Intubation and laryngoscopy are critical in emergency settings, and VL has emerged as an alternative to DL, particularly in difficult airway cases and when performed by non-experienced practitioners. VL demonstrates advantages such as a wider field of view, enhanced glottic visibility, and higher first-pass success rates, particularly in difficult airway scenarios. However, it also presents limitations, including potential view obstruction and technical complexity. While the evidence points to the advantages of VL, particularly in achieving higher first-pass success rates and minimizing adverse events in adult patients with difficult airways, the inconclusive findings from randomized trials emphasize the importance of future research in refining practices and improving patient outcomes.