Neurogenesis is the process of forming new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs). In adults, this process takes place in specific areas of the brain, known as neurogenic niches. These regions have unique anatomical features that have been studied in animal models and in the human brain; however, there are differences between these models that need to be addressed. The most studied areas are the subventricular zone, the lateral and latero-dorsal walls of the lateral ventricles, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (Hp), which are known as the canonical areas. Other, less-studied niches, such as the hypothalamus, the cerebellum, and the amygdala, are known as non-canonical areas. Anatomy occupies a relevant place in adult neurogenesis, in which the tissue architecture and cellular location are necessities for the interaction and release of diverse molecules that allow this phenomenon. The cell arrangement within the niche and the location of the niche itself are of particular relevance to the state in which the NSCs are found. Consequently, the majority of previous discoveries have been related to pathology. While many studies are based on animal models, discoveries related to neurogenesis in humans have also been made; however, in this case, opinions vary, leading to extensive controversy in recent years. In this review, we address the anatomical characteristics of the different brain regions to better understand their relationships within neurogenesis.

Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a rare neurological disorder within the spectrum of stiff-person syndrome (SPS) and epi

Introduction: Linear scleroderma en coup de sabre is a subtype of scleroderma hallmarked by cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations in which neurological symptoms can be a predominant feature of this condition. Case presentation: We report a case of a previously healthy 47-year-old male who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms and right-sided cephalalgia for two months. Clinical examination revealed a right frontoparietal cutaneous lesion and neurological findings suggesting a medial prefrontal syndrome. The neuroimaging evaluation identified scalp and bone thinning adjacent to the skin lesion and cortical-subcortical white matter hyperintensity due to vasogenic oedema at the right frontal and parietal region. A biopsy from the affected area revealed reactive gliosis. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first linear scleroderma en coup de sabre report associated with a neurological involvement typical of a medial prefrontal syndrome. This case highlights the importance of clinical acuity in recognising atypical phenotypes within the spectrum of this uncommon disease.