Objective: Artificial intelligence models human thinking and problem-solving abilities, allowing computers to make autonomous decisions. There is a lack of studies demonstrating the clinical utility of GPT and Gemin in the field of toxicology, which means their level of competence is not well understood. This study compares the responses given by GPT-3.5 and Gemin to those provided by emergency medicine residents.Methods: This prospective study was focused on toxicology and utilized the widely recognized educational resource ‘Tintinalli Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide’ for the field of Emergency Medicine. A set of twenty questions, each with five options, was devised to test knowledge of toxicological data as defined in the book. These questions were then used to train ChatGPT GPT-3.5 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3.5) by OpenAI and Gemini by Google AI in the clinic. The resulting answers were then meticulously analyzed.Results: 28 physicians, 35.7% of whom were women, were included in our study. A comparison was made between the physician and AI scores. While a significant difference was found in the comparison (F=2.368 and p<0.001), no significant difference was found between the two groups in the post-hoc Tukey test. GPT-3.5 mean score is 9.9±0.71, Gemini mean score is 11.30±1.17 and, physicians’ mean score is 9.82±3.70 (Figure 1).Conclusions: It is clear that GPT-3.5 and Gemini respond similarly to topics in toxicology, just as resident physicians do.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes significant mortality and morbidity in severe patients. Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between COVID-19 disease severity and peripheral perfusion index (PPI). Patients and Methods This prospective observational study included COVID-19 patients admitted to the tertiary hospital emergency department. Basal clinical and demographic data of the patients and PPI values at the time of admission were recorded. The patients were categorized to severe and nonsevere groups according to clinical severity. The relationship between COVID-19 severity and PPI was examined in comparison with the control group. Results A total of 324 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. COVID-19 (+) was detected in 180 of these patients. Ninety-two of the COVID-19 (+) patients were in the severe group, and 88 of them were in the non severe group. Note that 164 COVID-19 (–) patients were in the control group. PPI average was found to be 1.44 ± 1.12 in the severe group, and 3.69 ± 2.51 in the nonsevere group. PPI average was found to be significantly lower in the severe group than the nonsevere group (p< 0.01) As for the nonsevere group and control group, PPI averages were found to be 3.69 ± 2.51 and3.54 ± 2.32, respectively, and a significant difference was determined between the two groups (p< 0.05). PPI COVID-19 severity predicting activity was calculated as area under the curve: 0.833, sensitivity:70.4%, andspecificity:71%(p = 0.025) at 2.2 cutoff value. Conclusion The results of our study showed that PPI is an easy-to-apply and useful parameter in the emergency department in determining the severity of COVID-19 patients.

Numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between peripheral vertigo (PV) and inflammation. In these studies, various biomarkers have been used as indicators of inflammation. Contradictory results have been reported regarding the presence of inflammation based on these previously assessed biomarkers in PV. The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), which indicate these inflammatory processes, as well as the pan-immune-inflammatory index (PIV), have not been clearly defined in PV. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the inflammatory biomarkers SIRI, SII, and PIV and PV. This retrospective case-control study analyzed patients who were diagnosed with acute PV at a tertiary education and research emergency department. The study recorded demographic data of patients and values of white blood cells, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and immature granulocytes obtained during emergency admission from these blood samples, SIRI, SII, and PIV values were calculated and compared between the control group. A total of 1232 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Moreover, the study included 968 control subjects who shared similar age and demographic characteristics. SIRI, SII, and PIV values of the patients were significantly higher in vertigo patients than in the control group (1.50 vs 0.77, P <.001), (622.41 vs 393.47, P <.001), and (393.59 vs 184.21, P <.001), respectively. receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the diagnostic effectiveness of SIRI, SII, and PIV parameters to the control group. The optimal value for SIRI was found to have an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.760, sensitivity of 82.3, and specificity of 60.3 (P <.001). PV can be caused by many diseases with various pathophysiological changes. There may be various mechanisms besides inflammation and atherosclerosis of microvascular structures. The study investigated the relationship between PV and novel systemic inflammatory biomarkers in vertigo patients, yielding clinically significant results. The findings revealed that SIRI, SII, and PIV were elevated in patients with PV and may serve as complementary diagnostic markers.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between scorpion sting incidents that resulted in emergency department (ED) visits in Bodrum, Muğla, located in the Aegean region, and local climatic variables, from 2015 to 2023. This retrospective, single-center observational study included scorpion sting incidents that resulted in ED visits between 2015 and 2023, along with meteorological data from the Bodrum district. Meteorological variables, including maximum and minimum air temperatures, relative humidity, and seawater temperature, from 2015 to 2023, were obtained from the Turkish State Meteorological Service. All temperature values were recorded in degrees Celsius (°C), relative humidity as percentage (%), and seawater temperature in degrees Celsius. The meteorological data were collected as annual average values calculated from daily measurements throughout each year. Years exceeding the regional mean temperature of 21.2°C were classified as high-temperature years; those below this threshold were classified as low-temperature years. The relationship between changes in meteorological parameters and scorpion sting incidents was demonstrated using Pearson correlation analysis. A total of 473 scorpion sting incidents were included in the analysis. In the comparison based on the average temperature value, the average prevalence rate in years with above-average temperatures was found to be 0.21% ± 0.052%, which was significantly higher than in years with below-average temperatures (0.14% ± 0.018%, P = .014). Both the minimum temperature in the Bodrum district (Pearson r = 0.7919, P = .011) and the average temperature (Pearson r = 0.878, P < .001) were positively correlated with scorpion sting incidence. A negative correlation was found between relative humidity and incidence (Pearson r = −0.695, P = .037). No significant correlation was observed between sea temperature and incidence. Hospitalization rates were positively correlated with both minimum and average temperatures. Rising local temperatures are associated with an increase in scorpion sting incidents and may serve as an exploratory indicator for monitoring trends in scorpion sting frequency. Additionally, when appropriate meteorological data are used, this can help determine the number of antivenom vials required in EDs. However, these findings are descriptive and exploratory and should be interpreted with caution. Larger datasets and more robust analyses are needed to confirm the observed associations.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of manual versus mechanical chest compression by using continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring in-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Methods: The study included 90 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Forty-seven (52.2%) patients were male and 43 (47.8%) were female. A prospective observational study of patients who experienced cardiac arrest while being monitored at the emergency department (ED) was conducted at the ED of a tertiary university hospital between April 2018 and September 2019. Demographics, electrocardiography (ECG) rhythm, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique (manual or automatic), laboratory data, the time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), length of stay in the ED, hospitalization, and mortality were compared according to CPR type. Forty-four (48%) patients underwent manual CPR, and 46 (52%) patients underwent automatic CPR. Results: The 15th-minute and 20th-minute oxygen saturation (SaO2) levels, and the 10th-, 15th-, and 20th-minute ETCO2 levels showed a significant difference between the automatic CPR and manual CPR with all three variables being higher in the automatic CPR group (p=0.013, p=0.002, p=0.037, p=0.002, p<0.001, respectively). The causes of cardiopulmonary arrest, consultations, POCUS results, post-CPR lifetime, treatment types and neurological conditions were similar in both of the groups. Exitus was more frequent in the manual CPR device group (p=0,013). Conclusion: Mechanical Chest Compression provides more high-quality CPR than manual Chest Compression in-hospital cardiac arrest, and mid-resuscitation ETCO2 values equal to or greater than 20 mmHg appear to be a good predictor of ROSC. How to cite this article Yılmaz Y, Yılmaz F, Yılmaz A, Sönmez BM, Tekkanat S, Kavalcı C, Komut S, Beydilli İ, Zortuk Ö. Comparison of manual versus mechanical chest compression with ETCO2 value in-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective observational study. J Med Dent Invest. 2025;6:e250172.