Aging is generally associated with a decline in important cognitive functions that can be observed in EEG. Physical activity in older adults should be considered one of the main strategies to promote health and prevent disease in the elderly. The present study aimed to systematically review studies of EEG activity and cognitive function changes associated with physical activity in older adults. Records from PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases were searched and, following the PRISMA guidelines, nine studies were included in the present systematic review. A risk of bias assessment was performed using the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Case-control Studies instrument. The studies analyzed used two main strategies to determine the effects of physical activity on cognition and EEG: (1) multiscale entropy and power frequencies; and (2) event-related potentials. In terms of EEG activity, it can be concluded that exercise-induced neuroplasticity underlies improvements in cognitive function in healthy older adults.

Background/objectives: Overweight and obesity are global public health problems associated with chronic disease and mental health. Physical activity (PA) is essential throughout a person’s life; an active lifestyle helps people to live healthier lives and improve their functional and mental abilities, such as executive function (EF). This systematic review aimed to analyze the evidence on the effects of PA on EF in overweight and/or obese adults (≥18 years old). Methods: Records from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and JSTOR databases were searched and, following the PRISMA guidelines, seven studies were included in the present systematic review. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results from the studies included indicate that acute, short-term, and long-term PA interventions are an effective strategy to improve inhibitory control, working memory, and processing speed in overweight and obese adults. Furthermore, evidence indicates that EF can be effective as a measure to predict adherence to PA programs and weight loss. Conclusions: Exercise and physical activity interventions are a promising therapeutic strategy to promote weight loss and improve EF in adults with overweight and obesity. Additionally, EF may be further explored as a predictor of healthy aging due to the choices made throughout life and the long-term benefits that result.

Background: Cognitive decline does not always occur; therefore, it is important to recognise the predictors in people over 60. The COVID-19 pandemic led to isolation to limit the spread of the virus, with older people being the most affected. Objectives: To analyse the cognitive variables of older adults in confinement during COVID-19 using tele-neuropsychology for cognitive assessment, comparing online with in-person screening. Methods: In total, 148 subjects took part in the study. Participants were assigned to the in-person or online intervention based on their preferences. A person close to the patient also participated in the study as an informant. Results: The results support the suitability of the protocol used in both modalities (face-to-face/online). Conclusions: Both assessments (face-to-face and online) are equally effective. The findings are consistent with the importance of cognitive measures and the key informant corroboration in identifying indicators of cognitive decline and implementing early intervention strategies.

INPLASY2024100078 The Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Executive Function in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review Keywords: Physical activity, Executive function, Overweight…

Introduction: This systematic review examines the association between ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake and cognitive and executive function in adults. Given the global rise in overweight and obesity and the increasing consumption of UPFs, understanding their potential impact on brain health is of growing importance. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, and Scopus databases following PRISMA guidelines. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental designs. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool. Results: The majority of studies (78.5%) reported a significant association between higher UPF consumption and poorer cognitive outcomes, including deficits in memory, executive function, and global cognition. Longitudinal studies consistently demonstrated that increased UPF intake is linked to accelerated cognitive decline and a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, particularly in middle-aged and older adults. In contrast, cross-sectional findings were more heterogeneous, and evidence in younger populations remains limited and inconclusive. Conclusions: Overall, the findings suggest that high UPF consumption may be a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. However, methodological variability and the predominance of observational studies highlight the need for further longitudinal and experimental research to clarify causal mechanisms.

INTRODUCTION. Cognitive decline does not always occur; therefore, it is important to recognise the predictors in people over 60. The COVID-19 pandemic led to isolation to limit the spread of the virus, with older people being the most affected. OBJECTIVES. To analyse the cognitive variables of older adults in confinement during COVID-19 using tele-neuropsychology for cognitive assessment, comparing online with in-person screening. METHODS. 148 subjects took part in the study. Participants were assigned to the in-person or online intervention based on their preferences. A person close to the patient also participated in the study as an informant. RESULTS. The results support the suitability of the protocol used in both modalities (face-to-face/online). CONCLUSIONS. Both assessments (face-to-face and online) are equally effective. The findings are consistent with the importance of cognitive measures and the key informant corroboration in identifying indicators of cognitive decline and implementing early intervention strategies.