The evolution of personalized medicine in dermatology signifies a transformative shift towards individualized treatments, driven by the integration of biomarkers. These molecular indicators serve beyond diagnostics, offering insights into disease staging, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. Specific criteria guide biomarker selection, ensuring attributes like specificity, sensitivity, cost feasibility, stability, rapid detection, and reproducibility. This literature review, based on data from PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, explores biomarkers in Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis (AD), Alopecia Areata (AA), Vitiligo, and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU). In HS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMPs serve as biomarkers, influencing targeted therapies like adalimumab and anakinra. Psoriasis involves biomarkers such as TNF-α, IL-23, and HLA genes, shaping treatments like IL23 and IL17 inhibitors. AD biomarkers include ECP, IL-4, IL-13, guiding therapies like dupilumab and tralokinumab. For AA, lipocalin-2, cytokines, and genetic polymorphisms inform JAK inhibitors’ use. Vitiligo biomarkers range from cytokines to genetic markers like TYR, TYRP1, guiding treatments like JAK inhibitors. CSU biomarkers encompass IgE, cytokines, and autologous serum tests, influencing therapies like omalizumab and cyclosporine. Comparing conditions, common proinflammatory markers reveal limited specificity. While some biomarkers aid diagnosis and standard treatments, others hold more scientific than clinical value. Precision medicine, driven by biomarkers, has shown success in skin malignancies. Future directions involve AI-powered algorithms, nanotechnology, and multi-omics integration for personalized dermatological care.

Background: Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is characterized by rapid progression and a high metastatic potential, presenting significant challenges in clinical oncology. A critical aspect of melanoma biology is its metabolic reprogramming, which supports tumor growth, survival, and therapeutic resistance. Objective: This review aims to explore the key molecular mechanisms driving metabolic alterations in melanoma and their implications for developing therapeutic strategies. Methods: A Pubmed search was conducted to analyze literature discussing key mechanisms of the Warburg effect, mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced lipid metabolism, epigenetic modifications, and the tumor microenvironment. Results: Metabolic reprogramming supports melanoma growth, proliferation, and survival. Understanding these complex metabolic dynamics provides valuable insights for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Conclusion: Potential therapeutic interventions aimed at disrupting melanoma metabolism highlight the promise of precision medicine in improving treatment outcomes in cutaneous oncology. By targeting metabolic vulnerabilities, novel treatment approaches could significantly enhance the clinical management and prognosis of melanoma.

Introduction: Psoriasis is an immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease. First‐line topical treatments include steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, vitamin D analogs, and anthralin. Recently, novel topical therapeutics like tapinarof and roflumilast have emerged with unique anti‐inflammatory mechanisms and promising efficacy profiles. Materials and methods: This review utilized PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases to identify recent studies on tapinarof and roflumilast. Criteria focused on efficacy, safety profiles, and therapeutic roles in psoriasis treatment. Results: Four primary literature articles were identified for tapinarof and five for roflumilast. Both drugs demonstrated strong efficacy with minimal adverse events in treating mild‐to‐moderate plaque psoriasis. Tapinarof showed more frequent but mild adverse effects, while roflumilast had less frequent but more severe side effects. Discussion: Tapinarof and roflumilast offer once‐daily dosing and successful treatment in restricted areas, potentially enhancing patient adherence. Cost remains a limiting factor, necessitating future comparative studies to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost‐effectiveness between the two drugs. Conclusion: Tapinarof and roflumilast present promising topical treatments for psoriasis, showing efficacy and manageable safety profiles. Further research is crucial to fully elucidate their comparative benefits and drawbacks in clinical practice.

Alopecia encompasses diverse conditions that vary by etiology, progression, and clinical presentation, including androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, and scarring alopecias such as lichen planopilaris and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Managing these conditions requires tailored therapeutic approaches, with topical treatments emerging as effective first-line interventions. This literature review examines topical therapies across alopecia types, assessing mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles to guide evidence-based clinical practice. Methods involved a comprehensive search across PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases, focusing on clinical research published within the past five years. Articles were screened based on relevance to alopecia management, excluding abstracts, non-English studies, and ongoing research. Topics covered include commonly used agents such as minoxidil, corticosteroids, and emerging options like Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Topicals for trichotillomania, such as capsaicin and numbing creams, are highlighted for their behavioral conditioning potential, while treatments like minoxidil and adenosine are explored for telogen effluvium. Findings indicate that topicals provide symptom relief, promote hair regrowth, and often serve as adjuncts to systemic therapies. Minoxidil and corticosteroids demonstrate efficacy in multiple alopecia types, while JAK inhibitors show promise in alopecia areata. This review underscores the value of topical treatments in alopecia management and highlights areas for future research, advocating for individualized approaches to enhance therapeutic outcomes in patients experiencing hair loss.