Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia (EF) is a rare condition classified as a part of the connective tissue disorders. The clinical presentation of this condition can be diverse, however the main symptoms include symmetrical swelling and hardening of distal parts of limbs accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia. The diagnostic criteria are not specified. In inconclusions cases Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and skin to muscle biopsy may be useful. The pathogenesis and ethiology remain unknown, but extensive physical exertion, certain infectious factors, such as Borrelia burgdorferi, or medications may serve as a trigger. EF affects equally women and men, mainly in their middle age, however the disease can occur at any age. The standard therapy contents gluccocorticosteroids. As a second-line treatment, methotrexate is usually chosen. In this article we compare world reports of EF in paediatric patients with the cases of two adolescent male patients recently hospitalized in the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common rheumatic chronic disease in children, typically characterised by joint pain and swelling, fatigue, stiffness, muscle weakness and movement restrictions. As a consequence, children are exposed to bone atrophy, physical disability, social separation and reduced quality of life. It is believed that early implementation of targeted pharmacological treatment such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying agents and biological therapies is necessary to ensure full recovery. Recent recommendations emphasize the importance of nonpharmacologic treatments, e.g. nutrition, supplements and physical or occupational therapies, as an important component of a complex therapy. In this article, we review recent studies, summarising the impact of different physical interventions on children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis on muscle, bone and psychological function to provide a basis for more detailed recommendations of physical activity for children with arthritis.