The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf (MLE) extract-supplemented diets on the growth, feed utilization, hematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2. Four hundred and fifty Nile tilapia (32.61 ± 0.2 g/fish) were randomly allocated into fifteen tanks (30 fish/tank). Different concentrations of MLE at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were fed to the Nile tilapia for 30 days, and the growth, feed utilization, hematology, and innate immune response of the Nile tilapia were determined. After the feeding trial, the Nile tilapia were challenged with a S. agalactiae Biotype 2 infection, and the relative percentage of survival (RPS) was determined. Results revealed the presence of quercetin, kaempferol, and p-coumaric acid in the MLE extract, exhibiting stronger antimicrobial activity against S. agalactiae Biotype 2. The diets supplemented with the MLE-0.5 group showed a significantly higher growth, feed utilization, hematology, and innate immune response in the Nile tilapia compared to the control and other MLE groups. Additionally, the MLE-0.5 group exhibited a significantly higher RPS of the Nile tilapia against S. agalactiae Biotype 2. Therefore, MLE-0.5 can be employed as an alternative feed supplement in sustainable Nile tilapia farming to protect against S. agalactiae Biotype 2.

With the aquaculture industry’s growth comes an increased demand for fishmeal, leading to overfishing and rising prices. Spirulina, amicroalga rich in protein and essential nutrients, is proposed as an alternative protein source research in the diet of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus,a major aquaculture species. This study investigates the effect of replacing fishmeal with Spirulina at a higher percentage than in previous studies. The formulated diets containing 0%, 30%, and 50% Spirulina were tested over a 58-day period to determine the effect on growth, survival, and proximate composition on Nile tilapia. Results showed that replacing fishmeal with Spirulina at both 30% and 50% levels did not negatively affect growth or survival rates. Water quality parameters remained within optimal ranges throughout the experiment, indicating that Spirulina inclusion did not adversely affect water quality. Proximate analysis of the fish muscle revealed no significant differences in crude protein content but fish fed 30% Spirulina had higher crude fat content. Overall, the study concludes that Spirulina can replace fishmeal up to 50% without negative effect on the growth, survival and proximate composition of Nile tilapia.

The scalloped spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus, is one of the most valuable and highly demanded seafood species. Due to its limited supply from the wild and its high value, commercial aquaculture of this species has gained considerable attention. However, information on the basic water quality requirements is yet to be explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of culture temperature and salinity on the survival of early larval stages of the scalloped spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus. Stage-one larvae were obtained from an egg-bearing broodstock and hatched at a temperature and salinity of 26 °C and 35 ppt. Upon hatching, active larvae (15 per treatment) were collected from the broodstock tanks and placed in the experimental setup. Nine different combinations of temperatures (24, 27, and 30 °C) and salinities (33, 35, and 37 ppt) were examined. Larvae reared in varying temperatures of 24 °C and 27 °C showed a higher survival rate compared to those reared at 30 °C. Survival was highest at 24 °C and 33 ppt, while higher temperature (30 °C) and salinity (37 ppt) showed the shortest survival duration. There was a significant effect of temperature on the survival time. Salinity, to a lesser extent, showed a significant relationship toward the time of survival of the larvae. However, there were no significant interactions of salinity and temperature on the survival time of the larvae. This study suggests that the survival duration of the larvae can be maintained at an optimal rearing water condition of 24 °C temperature and 33 ppt salinity. This research provides important knowledge for farmers and business enterprises to successfully culture P. homarus larvae.

Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) is an ornamental and economically important freshwater fish. Despite its global trade, knowledge on the suitable diet for optimum growth remains limited. To address this gap, we investigated the effect of microencapsulated diet, Artemia, and their combination on the weight gain of koi carp fry reared in glass tanks for six weeks at temperatures ranging from 29.5°C to 35.8°C. A total of 900 koi carps were randomly assigned to three treatments receiving different feed types at the same feeding time. Koi carp fry fed microencapsulated diet exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) final weight (0.42 g), weight gain (0.27 g) and specific growth rate (5.08%) compared to those fed Artemia nauplii only or the combination of both feeds. These results suggest that feeding koi carp with microencapsulated diet significantly improves the growth of koi carp fry in indoor tanks.