Leakage is undesirable in water distribution networks, as leaky pipes are financially costly both to water utilities and consumers. The ability to detect, locate, and quantify leaks can significantly improve the service delivered. Optical fibre sensors (OFS) have previously demonstrated their capabilities in performing real-time and continuous monitoring of pipe strength leak detection. However, the challenge remains due to the high labour cost and time-consuming process for the installation of optical fibre sensors to existing buried pipelines. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of a submersible optical fibre-based pressure sensor that can be deployed without rigid bonding to the pipeline. This paper presents a set of experiments conducted using the proposed sensing strategy for leak detection. The calibrated optical fibre device was used to monitor the internal water pressure in a pipe with simultaneous verification from a pressure gauge. Two different pressure-based leak detection methods were explored. These leak detection methods were based on hydrostatic and pressure transient responses of the optical fibre pressure sensor. Experimental results aided in evaluating the functionality, reliability, and robustness of the submersible optical fibre pressure sensor.

The new high-speed rail (HSR) routes are expected to have a large impact on air transport demand. In some cases, HSR can be a complementary mode to air transport. However, a number of studies have pointed out that HSR can have a negative impact on air transport demand. Various approaches have been used to model mode choice behaviour, such as the discreet choice model, logistic regression and the analytical hierarchy process. OLS and MLE are two methods that are commonly used for parameter estimations. However, these approaches have some limitations. This study aims to understand the travel behaviour, mode choice model, travel variables and the impact of HSR operation on air transport demand through a systematic literature review. This study explores various approaches that are used to model mode choice and identify possible alternative approaches to overcome the limitations of current methods. The key variables that influence mode choice and the impact of HSR operation are elaborated in this study. Several points can be concluded from the analysis of the literature, such as: (1) the operation speed set by HSR should be reliable to enable it to compete with airplane travel time; (2) the model to represent mode choice behaviour should be derived from a suitable analysis method and Bayesian method is one of the alternatives for the parameter estimation; (3) there are various variables that are yet to be included in the current mode choice models, and they can be further explored to better present the needs of the customers; and (4) the impact of HSR operation on airplane travel demand, explained by previous studies, can be used as a reference for the policy maker in implementing transport projects.

Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan indikator utama tingkat keselamatan jalan raya. Di negara maju masalah keselamatan jalan merupakan masalah yang sangat diperhatikan guna mereduksi kuantitas kecelakaan yang terjadi. Hal ini menjadi indikator terhadap pentingnya memahami karakteristik kecelakaan. Jumlah korban yang cukup besar akan memberikan dampak ekonomi (kerugian material) dan sosial yang tidak sedikit. Tujuan tugas akhir ini adalah menghitung besarnya angka kecelakaan pada ruas jalan tol Surabaya-Gempol, menghitung nilai ekonomi akibat kecelakaan berdasarkan tingkat keparahan korban menggunakan metode The Gross Output (Human Capital). Menganalisis daerah rawan kecelakaan (Balck Site) dengan metode Z-Score dan Cummulative Summary (Cusum), membuat titik daerah rawan kecelakaan pada ruas jalan yang sering terjadi kecelakaan. Dari hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ruas jalan yang memiliki Accident Rate tertinggi untuk korban meninggal dunia dunia di jalan tol Surbaya-Gempol adalah pada tahun 2016, untuk luka berat pada tahun 2016, untuk korban luka ringan adalah pada tahun 2014. Uji Hipotesis One Way-ANNOVA membuktikan bahwa bulan dan harinya terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas memberikan hasil yang sama identik,tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian kecelakaan, sedangakn jam terjadi, jenis kelamin dan cuaca kejadian kecelakaan memberikan hasil sebaliknya yaitu berbeda nyata atau berpengaruh pada terjadnya kecelakaan. Dari hasil perhitungan menggunakan metode The Gross Output (Human Capital) didapat nilai ekonomi akibat kecelakaan lalu-lintas yang melibatkan korban meninggal dunia (tahun 2012-2016) sebesar Rp. 14.931.019.884,70, sedangkan korban luka berat (tahun 2012-2016) sebesar Rp. 2.711.662.398,14, dan korban luka ringan (tahun 2012-2016) sebesar Rp. 1.338.232.607,76 . Dengan metode Z-Score diperoleh daerah rawan kecelakaan pada ruas jalan tol Waru-Sidoarjo pada STA 24-25. Lokasi Black spot terletak di STA 18-19 dan STA 22-24. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: - Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. - Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. - Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

The increasing number of passengers from Jakarta to Surabaya each year will directly impact on the airport capacity in serving aviation traffic demand as it relates directly to flight frequency, runway capacity, terminal building capacity and others. The mode of Jakarta-Surabaya transportation for passengers is still focused on the mode of aircraft compared to other modes such as train. The imbalance between these modes of transportation indicates the need for other alternative modes to strengthen competitiveness in the improvement of service to passengers. This research was conducted to analyze the model of transportation mode selection between aircraft and high speed train of Jakarta-Surabaya route as an empirical case study, assuming the construction of high speed train infrastructure has been completed and ready to operate connecting Jakarta-Surabaya. This study offers the same travel time and fare between the aircraft and high speed train that reflects the special characteristics that become the passenger's main choice. Stated Preference techniques and binomial logit model are used in this study as tools for data collection and processing. As a result, the most influential passenger characteristic in this study is the level of passenger income level.

A high number of accidents in railway level crossing causes loss of life and material. Furthermore, the losses are also experienced by users of traffic on the highway such as disturbance in the form of delay which can lead to increase the length of travel time where the vehicle will stop, and give impact to the emergency queue vehicle at railway level crossing. Considering those problems, there has been build two models which are: the first model is the queuing of traffic length and with considering the length and speed of the train, and the second model is the queuing of traffic with considering the gate closing time. The methodology applied was an observation on field and survey data and then calculation from Road Capacity Guidelines of Indonesia (PKJI 2014) and queue length calculation using the queuing analysis method. Data have been collected and analysed by making the model relationship using linear regression method. The result showed that there is a positive relationship between the train lengths with the duration of gate closing time. However, the train speed has a negative relationship. Moreover, the length of the train has a positive relationship with the length of the vehicle queue.

Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi dan Finansial Pembangunan Jalan Tol Pandaan - Malang