Progressive pulmonary fibrosis is the symptomatic, physiological, and radiological progression of interstitial lung diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between progressive pulmonary fibrosis and demographic characteristics and to evaluate the effect on clinical outcomes and mortality. This cross-sectional study included 221 patients diagnosed with non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung diseases who were followed in the last 5 years. Patient symptoms, clinical, radiological, and demographic data were examined. Risk factors for the development of progressive pulmonary fibrosis and the relationship with clinical outcomes and mortality were examined. Of the patients, 33.0% (n = 73) had fibrotic idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP), 35.7% (n = 79) had fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP), 18.1% (n = 40) had fibrotic connective tissue disease (CTD) interstitial lung diseases (ILD), and 13.1% (n = 29) had postinfectious fibrotic ILD. The progressive pulmonary fibrosis development rates of the subtypes were 46.5% iNSIP (n = 34), 86.0% fibrotic HP (n = 68), 42.5% fibrotic CTD-ILD (n = 17), and 20.7% postinfectious ILD (n = 6). The presence of progressive pulmonary fibrosis was associated with the development of respiratory failure and mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.04–7.05 and OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.23–3.69). Progressive pulmonary fibrosis development was higher in hypersensitivity pneumonia patients with farmer’s lung (OR: 5.06, 95% CI: 1.02–25.18). Progressive pulmonary fibrosis was more prevalent in older patients. Farming was an important risk factor in the development of hypersensitivity pneumonia-progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Respiratory failure and mortality were higher in those who developed progressive pulmonary fibrosis.

In this review, we aimed to determine the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in the light of scientific studies conducted in our country. For this purpose, Pubmed, Web of Science ve Ulakbim I R Dizin were searched and the publications available as of July 2019 were evaluated and the findings of these studies were summarized and presented.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a 1-2% fatality rate, where no specific treatment has yet been defined. Although corticosteroids are recommended for selected COVID-19 patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic shock, there is no consensus regarding patient subgroups, dose, and duration. In this study, it was aimed to examine the contribution of corticosteroid treatment to the management of COVID-19 pneumonia without ARDS, septic shock both in acute and recovery setting. The study population was divided into two as those who used corticosteroids during the recovery phase (who did not develop sufficient radiological or clinical improvement) and those who did so during the activation phase (non-ARDS/septic shock condition, clinical, laboratory or radiological progression). We identified 47 patients, 26 of which were males, and mean age was 60.5 ± 16.5 years. Seventeen patients were found to receive corticosteroids during the recovery phase and the rest (n= 30) during the activation period. After corticosteroid therapy, we found reduction of increased pre-treatment levels of D-dimer, ferritin, fibrinogen, CRP, increment of decreased pre-treatment lymphocyte count and saturation. Complete symptomatic improvement was detected in 6.9% and 17.6% of the patients in the activation phase and recovery phase, respectively. Complete radiological improvement was found in 11.5% and 35.3% of the patients in the activation phase and recovery phase, respectively. While corticosteroid treatment was initiated on day 4.2 ± 2.6 and continued for a mean of 5.9 ± 2.8 days in the activation group, it was started on day 8.1 ± 11.3 and administered for 7.8 ± 3.8 days in the recovery group. In both groups, methylprednisolone was given at a median dose of 40 mg/day. Short-term low-dose corticosteroid therapy may improve clinical, radiological, laboratory outcomes in the management of COVID-19 pneumonia during the activation period without ARDS and non-septic shock and during recovery period with no satisfactory response. Further randomized controlled studies will be useful in demonstrating its efficacy.

Smoking,pregnancy,regular tobacco cigarette,electronic cigarette,risk factors

Background: This study aimed to provide nuanced insights in managing patients with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 168 patients (131 males, 37 females; mean age: 61.2±9.7 years; range, 51 to 72 years) undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery between December 2021 and December 2023. The study examined factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, blood test results, vaccination status, operative parameters, and postoperative complications. Patients’ health records were reviewed to confirm the presence of previous COVID-19 pneumonia and vaccination status. Patients were divided into two groups based on their history of COVID-19 pneumonia: Group 1 included 140 who had not been diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia, and Group 2 included 28 patients who had a documented history of COVID-19 pneumonia. Postoperative pulmonary complications, including atelectasis, pleural effusion, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pneumonia, were noted. Results: Patients with a history of COVID-19 pneumonia (Group 2, n=28) demonstrated significantly higher seropositivity for COVID-19 (89.3% vs. 29.3%, p=0.001) compared to those without a history (Group 1, n=140). Although pulmonary complications were higher in Group 2 (17.9% vs. 3.6%, p=0.013), postoperative mortality rates did not differ significantly between the groups. Pleural effusion was markedly higher in Group 2 (14.3% vs. 2.1%, p=0.015). Vaccination did not significantly affect perioperative and postoperative outcomes, except for a minor difference in postoperative drainage volume. Conclusion: This study highlights the impact of prior COVID-19 pneumonia on postoperative outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting patients. Although there was a rise in pulmonary complications, the mortality rates stayed similar among individuals with and without a prior history of COVID-19 pneumonia. Vaccination did not significantly influence outcomes, emphasizing the need for further research with larger cohorts to validate and expand upon these findings.