Trucks experience excitations during haulage due to road roughness, generating dynamic loads. Current mine haul road design techniques assume static tire loads, ignoring dynamic forces. This paper presents mathematical models for estimating tire dynamic forces on haul roads. Models were solved in Simulink® and RStudio® to generate random road profile (class D) according to ISO 8608, and compute dynamic forces for 59/80R63 tire. Results show that road roughness significantly affects impact forces on roads, with tire dynamic forces (1638.67 kN) ~ 1.6 times static forces (~1025 kN) at rated tire payloads. The method presented gives realistic estimates of tire impact forces, which serves as useful input for haul road design.

Haul roads are designed to bear dynamic truckloads generated during haulage. Current road design methods consider static truckloads, which are lower than dynamic loads. They are also unreliable for designing roads for ultra-large trucks. This paper introduces a methodology for designing roads using dynamic loads for any haul truck. A 3D rigid multi-body dynamic virtual model of CAT 797F was built, verified and validated in MSC.ADAMS to model truck tire dynamic forces generated during haulage. Maximum dynamic forces were 2.86 times static force at rated payload. Industrial useable models that capture truck dynamics are proposed to improve road structural design.