Covid-19 communication management in Spain: Exploring the effect of information-seeking behavior and message reception in public’s evaluation

El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar el discurso de odio por islamofobia en España mediante el análisis de los mensajes de la red social Twitter. En la actualidad, la forma de comunicarnos ha girado hacia una comunicación digital en la que tienen cabida la desinformación y las fake news. Además, todo esto se retroalimenta del enfoque comunicativo de la posverdad donde priman las emociones por encima de los hechos contrastados. La migración y, concretamente, la islamofobia se ve incrementada por acontecimientos puntuales como atentados yihadistas en Europa, y por otros más sistémicos como los niños, niñas y adolescentes migrantes no acompañados en redes sociales. La metodología que se ha seguido en esta investigación es el análisis de contenido por medio de los mensajes de Twitter desde 2012 hasta 2021. Se han analizado más de 7.000 tuits que hacían referencia a hashtag islamófobos, y se han codificado -intercode- teniendo en cuenta las variables relacionadas con la temática. Posteriormente, se ha hecho un análisis estadístico univariante, bivariante y multivariante. Los resultados de la investigación muestran la existencia de un discurso de odio islamófobo en España diferencia en distintas posturas de islamofobia. Discusión: Existen tres perfiles en la sociedad española en relación con la islamofobia, estos son los ambivalentes, los no islamófobos y los islamófobos. Las principales conclusiones de esta investigación muestran la existencia de un discurso de odio centrado en la islamofobia; en el que se diferencian tres perfiles de actitudes ante la islamofobia: favorables, contrarios y ambivalentes.

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the position of women in the communication management sector in Spain from their own experiences. The study examines female communication and leadership styles, emphasising the cost of leadership in which they are leaders or led.Design/methodology/approach: This study used a qualitative methodology based on in-depth interviews with 22 women actively working in top companies and agencies: female communication directors, female employees with a female leader and female employees with a male leader. Data were analysed through thematic analysis.Findings: Results show mixed communication and leadership styles. In addition, the high level of self-demand of female communication managers stands out, making it challenging to achieve a work-life balance and the implementation of successful role models.Social implications: Exploring the factors of female leadership remains necessary to understand and make their situation in various industries and positions visible. It also helps remove barriers to leadership, guide organisations in addressing gender discrimination issues and develop mechanisms for the internal promotion of female professionals.Originality/value: To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study exploring the leadership and communication styles of women in the Spanish Public Relations (PR) and communication management industries. It also highlights the aspects influencing the cost of leadership.

Most organizations face crisis situations that jeopardize the trust of their stakeholders. Crisis communication has become one of the most prominent areas both in practice and in public relations research. This study presents a quantitative analysis of recent scientific research in crisis communication to assess the situation and discover the main current advances in the area. Journal articles from six prominent international databases were selected: Proquest Research Library, ABI/ Inform Collection, EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost Business Source Complete. EBSCOhost Communication & Mass Media Complete and Elsevier’s Science Direct Journals Complete. Specifically, a total of 143 scientific articles published between 2008 and 2018 were collected and analyzed from six international peer-reviewed journals specialized in public relations and crisis communication, as well as the main crisis management journals included in the Web of Science and Scopus: Public Relations Review, Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Corporate Communications, Journal of Public Relations Research, Journal of Communication Management and International Journal of Strategic Communication. The review of these texts led to the establishment of five hypotheses corresponding to the six stated objectives. Content analysis was used as the quantitative technique, focusing on the following elements: themes, theories, methods, results, and geocultural characteristics of the authors. The results reveal the research trends in the area over the last decade. Resumen La mayoría de las organizaciones se enfrentan a situaciones de crisis que ponen en peligro la confianza de sus grupos de interés. La comunicación de crisis se ha convertido en una de las áreas más prominentes tanto en la práctica como en la investigación de relaciones públicas. Este estudio presenta un análisis cuantitativo sobre la investigación científica reciente en comunicación de crisis, con el fin de recoger el estado y los principales avances actuales en esta área. Para ello, se han seleccionado artículos de revistas presentes en seis bases de datos internacionales destacadas: ProQuest Research Library, ABI/Inform Collection, EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost Communication & Mass Media Complete y Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete. En concreto, se han recogido y analizado 143 artículos científicos publicados entre 2008 y 2018 en seis revistas internacionales revisadas por pares referentes de relaciones públicas y comunicación de crisis, así como la principal de gestión de crisis, incluidas en las bases de datos de evaluación Journal Citation Reports (JCR) y Scopus-CiteScore: Public relations review, Journal of contingencies and crisis management, Corporate communications, Journal of public relations research, Journal of communication management e International journal of strategic communication. La revisión de los textos ha desembocado en el establecimiento de cinco preguntas de investigación, correspondientes a seis objetivos. La técnica cuantitativa empleada ha sido el análisis de contenido, que se ha enfocado sobre los siguientes elementos: temas, teorías, métodos, resultados y características geo-culturales de los autores. Los resultados muestran las tendencias investigadoras del área en la última década.

This paper proposes the theory of integrated gendered work evaluation in public relations (IGWE). It holds that gender inequalities in the workplace are intrinsically linked to work-related evaluations, specifically measured through levels of satisfaction and stress. We theoretically place our proposal in the integrative phase of feminist theory that acknowledges the holistic nature of workers’ lives and their commitment to fulfill not only their worker or employer roles but also their commitments to family and communities. The empirical contribution of this paper builds on past debates from two decades ago: the need for research to isolate factors that perpetuate gender discrimination. It explores factors of gender inequalities and conflicts that can affect the work-related evaluation of those people who make up the majority of the industry’s employees: female public relations professionals. IGWE theory provides a new way of identifying, contextualizing, theorizing and analyzing how gender discriminations affect work evaluations combining both workplace and private life experiences from an integrated gender perspective.

Aim Skin cancer ranks among the most common types of cancer worldwide, with Spain being one of Europe's high UV radiation exposure nations, heightening the potential for increased skin cancer incidence in the absence of improved sun protection behaviors. Addressing the need for improved sun protection habits, this study focuses on the analysis of the health belief model (HBM) constructs on skin cancer prevention among a high-risk population. This study introduces the innovation of integrating a sunburn measurement unit from the “Practices, Attitudes, and Knowledge related to Sun Exposure” (CHACES) questionnaire into the framework of the HBM, and develops a statistical model to explain health behaviors related to solar photoprotection and skin cancer. Subject and methods To achieve this, the research team employed the previously validated CHACES epidemiological questionnaire, supplemented with an additional section on HBM variables. This survey was conducted among a total of 496 participants. Results Findings reveal significant relationships between key variables, highlighting the critical roles of self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility. Participants who hold that avoiding sun exposure is an effective preventive measure against skin cancer are more likely to protect their skin from sunburn, and those with heightened awareness of susceptibility to skin cancer exhibit a greater propensity to adopt preventive measures against sun exposure. Conclusions These insights provide valuable guidance for the development of health prevention communication plans, which are imperative for enhancing sun-protection practices and mitigating the rising threat of epidemy of skin cancer in industrialized countries.