J Indian Prosthodont Soc, Official publication of Indian Prosthodontic Society

Objective: The internet and social media have become primary sources of health information, with men frequently turning to these platforms before seeking professional help. Chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT), an artificial intelligence model developed by OpenAI, has gained popularity as a natural language processing program. The present study evaluated the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT's responses to andrology-related questions. Methods: The study analyzed frequently asked andrology questions from health forums, hospital websites, and social media platforms like YouTube and Instagram. Questions were categorized into topics like male hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, etc. The European Association of Urology (EAU) guideline recommendations were also included. These questions were input into ChatGPT, and responses were evaluated by 3 experienced urologists who scored them on a scale of 1 to 4. Results: Out of 136 evaluated questions, 108 met the criteria. Of these, 87.9% received correct and adequate answers, 9.3% were correct but insufficient, and 3 responses contained both correct and incorrect information. No question was answered completely wrong. The highest correct answer rates were for disorders of ejaculation, penile curvature, and male hypogonadism. The EAU guideline-based questions achieved a correctness rate of 86.3%. The reproducibility of the answers was over 90%. Conclusion: The study found that ChatGPT provided accurate and reliable answers to over 80% of andrology-related questions. While limitations exist, such as potential outdated data and inability to understand emotional aspects, ChatGPT's potential in the health-care sector is promising. Collaborating with health-care professionals during artificial intelligence model development could enhance its reliability. Cite this article as: Caglar U, Yildiz O, Ozervarli MF, et al. Assessing the performance of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) in answering andrology-related questions. Urol Res Pract. 2023;49(6):365-369.

Despite developing surgical techniques in urethral surgery, the outcome and complications are still unsatisfactory. Alternative treatment modality has been coming up, particularly in patients with longer stricture, under revision surgery, and penile stricture. Tissue engineering grafts are a promising approach for substituting urethral reconstruction. Over the decades, numerous preclinical studies have been published to show the efficacy and safety of different origins of materials, the presence of autologous cells (acellular matrices or autologous cell-seeded matrices), and the construction of engineered tissue (patch or tubularized constructs) on animal models. However, the results of these studies have not yet reached the intended level for daily clinical practice. A PubMed database search was performed for articles, using specific keywords, published between 1998 and 2022, with a selection on using tissue-engineered grafts for urethroplasty. Many materials have been used as a graft, such as acellular bladder matrix, small intestinal submucosa, acellular dermal matrix, and polyglycolic acid with or without cells, and were evaluated according to the functional and anatomical outcomes comprising complications. According to current literature, tubularized scaffolds constructed from co-cultured cells have promising results for the future. However, high-quality evidence through randomized controlled studies with larger sample sizes, with a long-term follow-up is required to determine accurate outcomes. Cite this article as: Ortac M, Olsen Ekerhult T, Zhao W, Atala A. Tissue engineering graft for urethral reconstruction: Is it ready for clinical application? Urol Res Pract., 2023;49(1):11-18.

The role of sperm DNA testing on male infertility