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Zearalenone (ZEA) and Deoxynivalenol (DON) are two mycotoxins highly detected in agricultural products and feed. Both mycotoxins produce reproductive toxicity and pose a serious threat to human and animal health, among which pigs are the most sensitive animals. Sertoli cells (SCs) play an important role in spermatogenesis; however, the combined toxicity of ZEA and DON and the screening of effective protective agents remains to be determined. By studying the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the cells exposed to 20 μM of ZEA and 0.6 μM of DON, we explored the protective mechanism of NAC (4 mM) on the cytotoxic injury of piglets SCs induced by both mycotoxins. The results showed that the combination of ZEA and DON destroy organelles and SCs structures, NAC significantly alleviates the damage caused by ZEA and DON. NAC also significantly increased the expression and distribution of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), decreased the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax, Bid, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and increased Bcl-2 expression level and inhibited the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, NAC also eases the cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress caused by ZEA and DON. In summary, our results show that NAC could alleviate SCs injury via reducing the oxidative damage and apoptosis caused by ZEA and DON.
Li Cao; Jie Zhao; Jingru Xu; Lei Zhu; Sajid Ur Rahman; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu; Xichun Wang. N-acetylcysteine ameliorate cytotoxic injury in piglets sertoli cells induced by zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -14.
AMA StyleLi Cao, Jie Zhao, Jingru Xu, Lei Zhu, Sajid Ur Rahman, Shibin Feng, Yu Li, JinJie Wu, Xichun Wang. N-acetylcysteine ameliorate cytotoxic injury in piglets sertoli cells induced by zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Cao; Jie Zhao; Jingru Xu; Lei Zhu; Sajid Ur Rahman; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu; Xichun Wang. 2021. "N-acetylcysteine ameliorate cytotoxic injury in piglets sertoli cells induced by zearalenone and deoxynivalenol." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-14.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common trichothecene mycotoxin found worldwide. DON has broad toxicity towards animals and humans. However, the mechanism of DON-induced neurotoxicity in vitro has not been fully understood. This study investigated the hypothesis that DON toxicity in neurons occurs via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Using piglet hippocampal nerve cells (PHNCs), we evaluated the effects of different concentrations of DON on typical indicators of apoptosis. The obtained results demonstrated that DON treatment inhibited PHNC proliferation and led to morphological, biochemical, and transcriptional changes consistent with apoptosis, including decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial release of cytochrome C (CYCS) and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and increased abundance of active cleaved-caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3. Increasing concentrations of DON led to decreased B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression and increased expression of BCL2-associated X (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma-2 homology 3 interacting domain death agonist (Bid), which in turn increased transcriptional activity of the transcription factors AIF and P53 (a tumor suppressor gene, promotes apoptosis). The addition of a caspase-8 inhibitor abrogated these effects. These results reveal that DON induces apoptosis in PHNCs via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and caspase-8 is shown to play an important role during apoptosis regulation.
Li Cao; Yunjing Jiang; Lei Zhu; Wei Xu; Xiaoyan Chu; Yafei Zhang; Sajid Rahman; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu; Xichun Wang. Deoxynivalenol Induces Caspase-8-Mediated Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial Pathway in Hippocampal Nerve Cells of Piglet. Toxins 2021, 13, 73 .
AMA StyleLi Cao, Yunjing Jiang, Lei Zhu, Wei Xu, Xiaoyan Chu, Yafei Zhang, Sajid Rahman, Shibin Feng, Yu Li, JinJie Wu, Xichun Wang. Deoxynivalenol Induces Caspase-8-Mediated Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial Pathway in Hippocampal Nerve Cells of Piglet. Toxins. 2021; 13 (2):73.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Cao; Yunjing Jiang; Lei Zhu; Wei Xu; Xiaoyan Chu; Yafei Zhang; Sajid Rahman; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu; Xichun Wang. 2021. "Deoxynivalenol Induces Caspase-8-Mediated Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial Pathway in Hippocampal Nerve Cells of Piglet." Toxins 13, no. 2: 73.
Background Tea polyphenols (TPs) attenuate obesity related liver inflammation; however, the anti-obesity effects and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not clearly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory TPs mechanisms associated with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels, and obesity-related gene response in dogs. Results Dogs fed TPs displayed significantly decreased (p < 0.01) mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to dogs that consumed high-fat diet (HFD) alone. TPs significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited COX-2 and iNOS expression level, and decreased liver fat content and degeneration. Conclusion These results suggested that TPs act as a therapeutic agent for obesity, liver inflammation, and fat degeneration via COX-2 and iNOS inhibition, with TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 involvement.
Sajid Ur Rahman; Yingying Huang; Lei Zhu; Xiaoyan Chu; Shahid Ahmed Junejo; Yafei Zhang; Ibrar Muhammad Khan; Yu Li; Shibin Feng; JinJie Wu; Xichun Wang. Tea polyphenols attenuate liver inflammation by modulating obesity-related genes and down-regulating COX-2 and iNOS expression in high fat-fed dogs. BMC Veterinary Research 2020, 16, 1 -12.
AMA StyleSajid Ur Rahman, Yingying Huang, Lei Zhu, Xiaoyan Chu, Shahid Ahmed Junejo, Yafei Zhang, Ibrar Muhammad Khan, Yu Li, Shibin Feng, JinJie Wu, Xichun Wang. Tea polyphenols attenuate liver inflammation by modulating obesity-related genes and down-regulating COX-2 and iNOS expression in high fat-fed dogs. BMC Veterinary Research. 2020; 16 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajid Ur Rahman; Yingying Huang; Lei Zhu; Xiaoyan Chu; Shahid Ahmed Junejo; Yafei Zhang; Ibrar Muhammad Khan; Yu Li; Shibin Feng; JinJie Wu; Xichun Wang. 2020. "Tea polyphenols attenuate liver inflammation by modulating obesity-related genes and down-regulating COX-2 and iNOS expression in high fat-fed dogs." BMC Veterinary Research 16, no. 1: 1-12.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) plays a crucial role in hepatic lipid metabolism. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of hepatic lipid metabolism by EGCG in canine is unclear. Primary canine hepatocytes were treated with EGCG (0.01, 0.1, or 1 μM) and BML‐275 (an AMP‐activated protein kinase [AMPK] inhibitor) to study the effects of EGCG on the gene and protein expressions associated with AMPK signaling pathway. Data showed that treatment with EGCG had greater activation of AMPK, as well as greater expression levels and transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐α (PPARα) along with upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance and protein abundance of PPARα‐target genes. EGCG decreased the expression levels and transcriptional activity of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c (SREBP‐1c) along with downregulated mRNA abundance and protein abundance of SREBP‐1c target genes. Of particular interest, exogenous BML‐275 could reduce or eliminate the effects of EGCG on lipid metabolism in canine hepatocytes. Furthermore, the content of triglyceride was significantly decreased in the EGCG‐treated groups. These results suggest that EGCG might be a potential agent in preventing high‐fat diet‐induced lipid accumulation in small animals.
Hongyan Ding; Yu Li; Wei Li; Huanqing Tao; Leihong Liu; Cai Zhang; Tao Kong; Shibin Feng; Jinchun Li; Xichun Wang; JinJie Wu. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate activates the AMP‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway to reduce lipid accumulation in canine hepatocytes. Journal of Cellular Physiology 2020, 236, 405 -416.
AMA StyleHongyan Ding, Yu Li, Wei Li, Huanqing Tao, Leihong Liu, Cai Zhang, Tao Kong, Shibin Feng, Jinchun Li, Xichun Wang, JinJie Wu. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate activates the AMP‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway to reduce lipid accumulation in canine hepatocytes. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 2020; 236 (1):405-416.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongyan Ding; Yu Li; Wei Li; Huanqing Tao; Leihong Liu; Cai Zhang; Tao Kong; Shibin Feng; Jinchun Li; Xichun Wang; JinJie Wu. 2020. "Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate activates the AMP‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway to reduce lipid accumulation in canine hepatocytes." Journal of Cellular Physiology 236, no. 1: 405-416.
Dairy cows usually experience negative energy balance coupled with an increased incidence of fatty liver during the periparturient period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hepatic steatosis on the expression of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), along with the target mRNA and protein expressions and activities related to lipid metabolism in liver tissue. Control cows (n = 6, parity 3.0 ± 2.0, milk production 28 ± 7 kg/d) and mild fatty liver cows (n = 6, parity 2.3 ± 1.5, milk production 20 ± 6 kg/d) were retrospectively selected based on liver triglycerides (TG) content (% wet liver). Compared with the control group, fatty liver cows had greater concentrations of cholesterol and TG along with the typically vacuolated appearance and greater lipid droplets in the liver. Furthermore, fatty liver cows had greater mRNA and protein abundance related to hepatic lipid synthesis proteins sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1c), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), acyl-CoA carbrolase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipid transport proteins Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and microsomal TG transfer protein (MTTP) (p < 0.05). However, they had lower mRNA and protein abundance associated with fatty acid β-oxidation proteins SIRT1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1 (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα), retinoid X receptor (RXRα), acyl-CoA 1 (ACO), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) and long- and medium-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases (LCAD) (p < 0.05). Additionally, mRNA abundance and enzyme activity of enzymes copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) decreased and mRNA and protein abundance of p45 nuclear factor-erythroid 2 (p45 NF-E2)-related factor 1 (Nrf1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) decreased (p < 0.05). Lower enzyme activities of SIRT1, PGC-1α, Cu/Zn SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, SREBP-1c and Mn SOD (p < 0.05) and concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in dairy cows with fatty liver. These results demonstrate that decreased SIRT1 associated with hepatic steatosis promotes hepatic fatty acid synthesis and inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation. Hence, SIRT1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the fatty liver disease in dairy cows.
Yu Li; Suping Zou; Hongyan Ding; Ning Hao; Yingying Huang; Jishun Tang; Jianbo Cheng; Shibin Feng; Jinchun Li; Xichun Wang; JinJie Wu. Low Expression of Sirtuin 1 in the Dairy Cows with Mild Fatty Liver Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. Animals 2020, 10, 560 .
AMA StyleYu Li, Suping Zou, Hongyan Ding, Ning Hao, Yingying Huang, Jishun Tang, Jianbo Cheng, Shibin Feng, Jinchun Li, Xichun Wang, JinJie Wu. Low Expression of Sirtuin 1 in the Dairy Cows with Mild Fatty Liver Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. Animals. 2020; 10 (4):560.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu Li; Suping Zou; Hongyan Ding; Ning Hao; Yingying Huang; Jishun Tang; Jianbo Cheng; Shibin Feng; Jinchun Li; Xichun Wang; JinJie Wu. 2020. "Low Expression of Sirtuin 1 in the Dairy Cows with Mild Fatty Liver Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism." Animals 10, no. 4: 560.
Deoxynivalenol(DON) has broad toxicity in livestock, but we know little about its neurotoxic mechanisms. We investigated DON neurotoxicity in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus of “Duroc × Landrace × Yokshire” piglets. Control piglets were fed a basal diet, while those in low- and high-treatment groups were fed diets with 1.3 mg/kg and 2.2 mg/kg DON, respectively. After a 60 d trial, scanning electron microscopy revealed the destruction of hippocampal cell ultrastructure. As DON concentrations increased, oxidative damage also increased in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations tended to increase, whereas dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid concentrations decreased. We also observed an increase in calcium concentration, relative mRNA expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and CaMKII phosphorylation. However, calmodulin (CaM) mRNA and protein content decreased. Overall, our results suggest that DON acts through the Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathway to influence cerebral lipid peroxidation and neurotransmitter levels.
Xichun Wang; Xiaofang Chen; Li Cao; Lei Zhu; Yafei Zhang; Xiaoyan Chu; Dianfeng Zhu; Sajid Ur Rahman; Chenglu Peng; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu. Mechanism of deoxynivalenol-induced neurotoxicity in weaned piglets is linked to lipid peroxidation, dampened neurotransmitter levels, and interference with calcium signaling. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2020, 194, 110382 .
AMA StyleXichun Wang, Xiaofang Chen, Li Cao, Lei Zhu, Yafei Zhang, Xiaoyan Chu, Dianfeng Zhu, Sajid Ur Rahman, Chenglu Peng, Shibin Feng, Yu Li, JinJie Wu. Mechanism of deoxynivalenol-induced neurotoxicity in weaned piglets is linked to lipid peroxidation, dampened neurotransmitter levels, and interference with calcium signaling. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 194 ():110382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXichun Wang; Xiaofang Chen; Li Cao; Lei Zhu; Yafei Zhang; Xiaoyan Chu; Dianfeng Zhu; Sajid Ur Rahman; Chenglu Peng; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu. 2020. "Mechanism of deoxynivalenol-induced neurotoxicity in weaned piglets is linked to lipid peroxidation, dampened neurotransmitter levels, and interference with calcium signaling." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 194, no. : 110382.
β-Conglycinin and glycinin are known to induce various allergic reactions, however, but little is known about the mechanism underlying the development of allergy to soybean antigen proteins. In this study, porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were used to investigate the effects of soybean antigen proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin, on cells to determine whether the caspase-3/mitochondrion-regulated apoptotic pathway underlies the allergic reaction. IPEC-J2 cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 5, and 10 mg mL−1) of β-conglycinin or glycinin, and 50 μM z-DEVD-FMK (a caspase-3 inhibitor). The results show that the apoptosis rate, mitochondrion-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels, caspase-3 activation, cyt-c release, cytoskeleton and tight junction protein expression, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and mitochondrial injury were significantly aggravated with cultured in increasing concentrations of β-conglycinin or glycinin. While these effects were inhibited by application of the caspase-3 inhibitor. Thus, we concluded that β-conglycinin and glycinin cause IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis via the caspase-3/mitochondrion-regulated apoptotic pathway.
Chenglu Peng; Zhifeng Sun; Lei Wang; Yingshuang Shu; Mengchu He; Hongyan Ding; Yu Li; Xichun Wang; Shibin Feng; Jinchun Li; JinJie Wu. Soybean antigen protein induces caspase-3/mitochondrion-regulated apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. Food and Agricultural Immunology 2019, 31, 100 -119.
AMA StyleChenglu Peng, Zhifeng Sun, Lei Wang, Yingshuang Shu, Mengchu He, Hongyan Ding, Yu Li, Xichun Wang, Shibin Feng, Jinchun Li, JinJie Wu. Soybean antigen protein induces caspase-3/mitochondrion-regulated apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. Food and Agricultural Immunology. 2019; 31 (1):100-119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChenglu Peng; Zhifeng Sun; Lei Wang; Yingshuang Shu; Mengchu He; Hongyan Ding; Yu Li; Xichun Wang; Shibin Feng; Jinchun Li; JinJie Wu. 2019. "Soybean antigen protein induces caspase-3/mitochondrion-regulated apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells." Food and Agricultural Immunology 31, no. 1: 100-119.
Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) exhibit beneficial effects towards obesity and intestinal inflammation; however, the mechanisms and association with gut microbiota are unclear. We examined the role of the gut microbiota of GTPs treatment for obesity and inflammation. Canines were fed either a normal diet or high-fat diet with low (0.48% g/kg), medium (0.96% g/kg), or high (1.92% g/kg), doses of GTPs for 18 weeks. GTPs decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria and increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The relative proportion of Acidaminococcus, Anaerobiospirillum, Anaerovibrio, Bacteroides, Blautia, Catenibactetium, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Collinsella, and Escherichia were significantly associated with GTPs-induced weight loss. GTPs significantly (p<0.01) decreased expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inhibited induction of the TLR4 signaling pathway compared with high-fat diet. We show that the therapeutic effects of GTPs correspond with changes in gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation, which may be related to the anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity mechanisms of GTPs.
Yu Li; Sajid Ur Rahman; Yingying Huang; Yafei Zhang; Pengfei Ming; Lei Zhu; Xiaoyan Chu; Jinchun Li; Shibin Feng; Xichun Wang; JinJie Wu. Green tea polyphenols decrease weight gain, ameliorate alteration of gut microbiota, and mitigate intestinal inflammation in canines with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2019, 78, 108324 .
AMA StyleYu Li, Sajid Ur Rahman, Yingying Huang, Yafei Zhang, Pengfei Ming, Lei Zhu, Xiaoyan Chu, Jinchun Li, Shibin Feng, Xichun Wang, JinJie Wu. Green tea polyphenols decrease weight gain, ameliorate alteration of gut microbiota, and mitigate intestinal inflammation in canines with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2019; 78 ():108324.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu Li; Sajid Ur Rahman; Yingying Huang; Yafei Zhang; Pengfei Ming; Lei Zhu; Xiaoyan Chu; Jinchun Li; Shibin Feng; Xichun Wang; JinJie Wu. 2019. "Green tea polyphenols decrease weight gain, ameliorate alteration of gut microbiota, and mitigate intestinal inflammation in canines with high-fat-diet-induced obesity." The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 78, no. : 108324.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) exposure on the inflammatory injury nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway in intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) of pig. The different concentrations of DON (0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 ng/mL) were added to the culture solution for treatment. The NF-κB pathway inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was used as a reference. The results showed that when the DON concentration increased, the cell density decreased and seemed damaged. With the increase of DON concentration in the culture medium, the action of diamine oxidase (DAO) in the culture supernatant also increased. The activities of IL-6, TNF-α, and NO in the cells were increased with the increasing DON concentration. The relative mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 were increased in the cells. The mRNA relative expression of NF-κB p65, IKKα, and IKKβ were upregulated with the increasing of DON concentration, while the relative expression of IκB-α mRNA was downregulated. At the same time, the expression of NF-κB p65 protein increased gradually in the cytoplasm and nucleus with a higher concentration of DON. These results showed that DON could change the morphology of IPEC-J2 cells, destroy its submicroscopic structure, and enhance the permeability of cell membrane, as well as upregulate the transcription of some inflammatory factors and change the expression of NF-κB-related gene or protein in cells.
Xichun Wang; Yafei Zhang; Jie Zhao; Li Cao; Lei Zhu; Yingying Huang; Xiaofang Chen; Sajid Ur Rahman; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu. Deoxynivalenol Induces Inflammatory Injury in IPEC-J2 Cells via NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Toxins 2019, 11, 733 .
AMA StyleXichun Wang, Yafei Zhang, Jie Zhao, Li Cao, Lei Zhu, Yingying Huang, Xiaofang Chen, Sajid Ur Rahman, Shibin Feng, Yu Li, JinJie Wu. Deoxynivalenol Induces Inflammatory Injury in IPEC-J2 Cells via NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Toxins. 2019; 11 (12):733.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXichun Wang; Yafei Zhang; Jie Zhao; Li Cao; Lei Zhu; Yingying Huang; Xiaofang Chen; Sajid Ur Rahman; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu. 2019. "Deoxynivalenol Induces Inflammatory Injury in IPEC-J2 Cells via NF-κB Signaling Pathway." Toxins 11, no. 12: 733.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is highly toxic to animals and humans, but pigs are most sensitive to it. The porcine mucosal injury related mechanism of DON is not yet fully clarified. Here, we investigated DON-induced injury in the intestinal tissues of piglet. Thirty weanling piglets [(Duroc × Landrace) × Yorkshire] were randomly divided into three groups according to single factor experimental design (10 piglets each group). Piglets were fed a basal diet in the control group, while low and high dose groups were fed a DON diet (1300 and 2200 μg/kg, respectively) for 60 days. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial cells in the DON-treated group was damaged. The distribution and optical density (OD) values of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) protein in the intestinal tissues of DON-treated groups were decreased. At higher DON dosage, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA levels were elevated in the intestinal tissues. The mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB p65, IκB-α, IKKα/β, iNOS, and COX-2 in the small intestinal mucosa were abnormally altered with an increase in DON concentration. These results indicate that DON can persuade intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in piglets via the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
Xi-Chun Wang; Ya-Fei Zhang; Li Cao; Lei Zhu; Ying-Ying Huang; Xiao-Fang Chen; Xiao-Yan Chu; Dian-Feng Zhu; Sajid Ur Rahman; Shi-Bin Feng; Yu Li; Jin-Jie Wu. Deoxynivalenol Induces Intestinal Damage and Inflammatory Response through the Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway in Piglets. Toxins 2019, 11, 663 .
AMA StyleXi-Chun Wang, Ya-Fei Zhang, Li Cao, Lei Zhu, Ying-Ying Huang, Xiao-Fang Chen, Xiao-Yan Chu, Dian-Feng Zhu, Sajid Ur Rahman, Shi-Bin Feng, Yu Li, Jin-Jie Wu. Deoxynivalenol Induces Intestinal Damage and Inflammatory Response through the Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway in Piglets. Toxins. 2019; 11 (11):663.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXi-Chun Wang; Ya-Fei Zhang; Li Cao; Lei Zhu; Ying-Ying Huang; Xiao-Fang Chen; Xiao-Yan Chu; Dian-Feng Zhu; Sajid Ur Rahman; Shi-Bin Feng; Yu Li; Jin-Jie Wu. 2019. "Deoxynivalenol Induces Intestinal Damage and Inflammatory Response through the Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway in Piglets." Toxins 11, no. 11: 663.
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) are involved in uric acid excretion in humans and mice. Despite evidence suggesting that renal proximal tubular epithelial cells participate in uric acid excretion in chickens, the roles of BCRP and MRP4 therein remain unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between BCRP and MRP4 expression and renal function in chickens. Sixty laying hens were randomly divided into four treatment groups: a control group (NC) fed a basal diet; a sulfonamide-treated group (SD) fed the basal diet and supplemented with sulfamonomethoxine sodium via drinking water (8 mg/L); a fish meal group (FM) fed the basal diet supplemented with 16% fishmeal; and a uric acid injection group (IU) fed the basal diet and intraperitoneally injected with uric acid (250 mg/kg body weight). The results showed that serum uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher in the SD and IU, but not FM, than in the NC groups. Renal tubular epithelial cells in the SD and IU groups were damaged. Liver BCRP and MRP4 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in the SD and IU groups, but slightly increased in the FM group. In the SD group, BCRP and MRP4 were significantly increased in the ileum and slightly increased in the kidney. In the FM group, BCRP and MRP4 were significantly increased in the kidney and slightly increased in the ileum. In the IU group, BCRP and MRP4 were significantly increased in the kidney and ileum. BCRP and MRP4 expression in the jejunum was not affected by the treatments. Together, these results demonstrate that BCRP and MRP4 are involved in renal and intestinal uric acid excretion in chickens and that BCRP is positively related to MRP4 expression. Further, impairment of renal function results in an increase in serum uric acid as well as a compensatory increase in BCRP and MRP4 in the ileum; however, under normal renal function, renal BCRP and MRP4 are the main regulators of uric acid excretion.
Xuedong Ding; Manman Li; Chenglu Peng; Zhi Wang; Shoufa Qian; Yuying Ma; Tianyi Fang; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; Xichun Wang; Jinchun Li; JinJie Wu. Uric acid transporters BCRP and MRP4 involved in chickens uric acid excretion. BMC Veterinary Research 2019, 15, 180 .
AMA StyleXuedong Ding, Manman Li, Chenglu Peng, Zhi Wang, Shoufa Qian, Yuying Ma, Tianyi Fang, Shibin Feng, Yu Li, Xichun Wang, Jinchun Li, JinJie Wu. Uric acid transporters BCRP and MRP4 involved in chickens uric acid excretion. BMC Veterinary Research. 2019; 15 (1):180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXuedong Ding; Manman Li; Chenglu Peng; Zhi Wang; Shoufa Qian; Yuying Ma; Tianyi Fang; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; Xichun Wang; Jinchun Li; JinJie Wu. 2019. "Uric acid transporters BCRP and MRP4 involved in chickens uric acid excretion." BMC Veterinary Research 15, no. 1: 180.
Background and Aim: Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases globally. Studies indicated the existence of Brucella infection in goats in some province of China. Thus this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in goats of Anhui Province, China. Materials and Methods: Serum and milk samples obtained from goats in different regions of Anhui province were studied through rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), milk ring test (MRT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The investigation frequency of brucellosis using RBPT, SAT, MRT, and PCR methods was 3.9% (n=7), 4.45% (n=8), 11.67% (n=7), and 86.67% (n=156), respectively. The prevalence recorded for brucellosis in sex-wise animals as in females 5.55%, 6.67%, 11.67%, and 78.8% through above methods, while in males, it was 2.23% and 2.23% by RBPT and SAT. However, in age-wise animals, the results 6.36%, 7.27%, 11.67%, and 74.5% were perceived positive by RBPT, SAT, MRT, and PCR in adult females, respectively, but young males and females (up to 9 months) were considered free from brucellosis. Conclusion: These results show that prevalence of brucellosis was relatively higher in females than male's goats and SAT was relatively specific and accurate as compared to RBPT and MRT, but for diagnosis of brucellosis, molecular method (PCR) is recommended.
Sajid Ur Rahman; Lei Zhu; Li Cao; Yafei Zhang; Xiaoyan Chu; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu; Xichun Wang. Prevalence of Caprine brucellosis in Anhui province, China. Veterinary World 2019, 12, 558 -564.
AMA StyleSajid Ur Rahman, Lei Zhu, Li Cao, Yafei Zhang, Xiaoyan Chu, Shibin Feng, Yu Li, JinJie Wu, Xichun Wang. Prevalence of Caprine brucellosis in Anhui province, China. Veterinary World. 2019; 12 (4):558-564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajid Ur Rahman; Lei Zhu; Li Cao; Yafei Zhang; Xiaoyan Chu; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu; Xichun Wang. 2019. "Prevalence of Caprine brucellosis in Anhui province, China." Veterinary World 12, no. 4: 558-564.
Soybeans are used increasingly in food products because of their health benefits. In this study, we investigated the effect of soybean antigen protein on weaned piglet intestine. Seventy piglets were randomly divided into seven groups with 10 piglets each. At 7 and 14 days of age, groups A–C were injected with saline, and D–G were intramuscularly injected with or orally administered 7S or 11S. Groups B–G were artificially sensitized by dietary 7S or 11S. At 27 days, the small intestinal tissues were collected to determine levels of histamine, sIgA protein, and IgA mRNA. Histamine in B–G was significantly decreased in the duodenum and ileum. Moreover, sIgA expression was higher in all groups than in A, with B/C>D–G and F/G>D/E; the trend in IgA expression was similar. Collectively, these results indicated that soybean antigen protein‐immunizing agents decrease sIgA and IgA levels. Additionally, the effect of injection immunization occurred prior to that of oral immunization.
Chenglu Peng; Xuebing Tang; Yingshuang Shu; Mengchu He; Xiaodong Xia; Yu Zhang; Chengming Cao; Yu Li; Shibin Feng; Xichun Wang; JinJie Wu. Effects of 7S and 11S on the intestine of weaned piglets after injection and oral administration of soybean antigen protein. Animal Science Journal 2019, 90, 393 -400.
AMA StyleChenglu Peng, Xuebing Tang, Yingshuang Shu, Mengchu He, Xiaodong Xia, Yu Zhang, Chengming Cao, Yu Li, Shibin Feng, Xichun Wang, JinJie Wu. Effects of 7S and 11S on the intestine of weaned piglets after injection and oral administration of soybean antigen protein. Animal Science Journal. 2019; 90 (3):393-400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChenglu Peng; Xuebing Tang; Yingshuang Shu; Mengchu He; Xiaodong Xia; Yu Zhang; Chengming Cao; Yu Li; Shibin Feng; Xichun Wang; JinJie Wu. 2019. "Effects of 7S and 11S on the intestine of weaned piglets after injection and oral administration of soybean antigen protein." Animal Science Journal 90, no. 3: 393-400.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin capable of producing a variety of toxic effects in human and animals. In this study, the effect of DON treatment on cytotoxicity and apoptotic pathways in piglet hippocampal nerve cells (PHNCs) was determined. The effects of DON on cellular morphology, cell activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, the protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and the relative expression of key genes related to apoptosis were evaluated. The results indicated that DON significantly inhibited cellular viability and promoted the release of LDH by damaging the membrane integrity of PHNCs, however, the cellular viability was increased and LDH leakage rate were decreased after adding MAPK inhibitors. DON induced PHNCs apoptosis and phosphorylation of MAPK pathway proteins dose-dependently. The ratios of phospho p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38 significantly increased with the increase of DON concentration, while the p-ERK/ERK ratio significantly decreased. In addition, DON upregulated the BAX mRNA level, and downregulated the BCL2 mRNA level. Pre-incubation with inhibitors of JNK (SP600125) and p38 (SB202190) significantly decreases the BAX/BCL2 ratio. However, pre-incubation with the inhibitor of ERK (U0126), significantly increased the BAX/BCL2 ratio. These data demonstrated that DON induces toxic effects and apoptosis in PHNCs via the MAPK signaling pathway.
Xichun Wang; Mengxue Fan; Xiaoyan Chu; Yafei Zhang; Sajid Ur Rahman; Yunjing Jiang; Xiaofang Chen; Dianfeng Zhu; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu. Deoxynivalenol induces toxicity and apoptosis in piglet hippocampal nerve cells via the MAPK signaling pathway. Toxicon 2018, 155, 1 -8.
AMA StyleXichun Wang, Mengxue Fan, Xiaoyan Chu, Yafei Zhang, Sajid Ur Rahman, Yunjing Jiang, Xiaofang Chen, Dianfeng Zhu, Shibin Feng, Yu Li, JinJie Wu. Deoxynivalenol induces toxicity and apoptosis in piglet hippocampal nerve cells via the MAPK signaling pathway. Toxicon. 2018; 155 ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXichun Wang; Mengxue Fan; Xiaoyan Chu; Yafei Zhang; Sajid Ur Rahman; Yunjing Jiang; Xiaofang Chen; Dianfeng Zhu; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; JinJie Wu. 2018. "Deoxynivalenol induces toxicity and apoptosis in piglet hippocampal nerve cells via the MAPK signaling pathway." Toxicon 155, no. : 1-8.
Rutin, found widely in traditional Chinese medicine materials, is used to treat eye swelling and pain, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. In the present study, a mouse mastitis model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established to explore rutin’s inhibitory mechanism on mastitis via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inflammatory signaling and the relationship between NF-κB signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mice were divided into six groups: Control group, LPS model group, LPS + rutin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and LPS + dexamethasone (DEX) group. DEX, rutin, and PBS (control and LPS groups) were administered 1 h before and 12 h after perfusion of LPS. After LPS stimulation for 24 h, to evaluate rutin’s therapeutic effect on mastitis, the mammary tissues of each group were collected to detect histopathological injury, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels; and glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa (GRP78) protein levels. The protein and mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the LPS + rutin group were significantly lower than those in the LPS model group. Similarly, p50/p105, phosphorylated (p)-p65/p65 and p-inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa b kinase subunit beta (p-IKKβ)/IKKβ ratios in the LPS + rutin group (50 mg/kg) and LPS + rutin group (100 mg/kg) decreased significantly. GRP78 protein expression was significantly higher in LPS + rutin group (100 mg/kg). The structure of mammary tissue became gradually more intact and vacuolization of acini decreased as the rutin concentration increased. The nuclear quantity of p65 in the LPS + rutin group decreased significantly in a rutin dose-dependent manner. Rutin had an anti-inflammatory effect in the LPS-induced mouse mastitis model, manifested by inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation and attenuation of ER stress.
Siyi Su; Xiaoyu Li; Siting Li; Pengfei Ming; Yingying Huang; Yanli Dong; Hongyan Ding; Shibin Feng; Jinchun Li; Xichun Wang; Yu Li; JinJie Wu. Rutin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Inflammopharmacology 2018, 27, 77 -88.
AMA StyleSiyi Su, Xiaoyu Li, Siting Li, Pengfei Ming, Yingying Huang, Yanli Dong, Hongyan Ding, Shibin Feng, Jinchun Li, Xichun Wang, Yu Li, JinJie Wu. Rutin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Inflammopharmacology. 2018; 27 (1):77-88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiyi Su; Xiaoyu Li; Siting Li; Pengfei Ming; Yingying Huang; Yanli Dong; Hongyan Ding; Shibin Feng; Jinchun Li; Xichun Wang; Yu Li; JinJie Wu. 2018. "Rutin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress." Inflammopharmacology 27, no. 1: 77-88.
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) are involved in uric acid excretion in humans and mice. Despite evidence suggesting that chicken renal proximal tubular epithelial cells participate in uric acid secretion, the roles of BCRP and MRP4 in chickens remain unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between chicken BCRP and MRP4 expression and renal function in the liver, kidneys, and intestines. Sixty 20-day-old Isa brown laying hens were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (NC) and groups provided with sulfonamide-treated drinking water (SD), a diet supplemented with fishmeal (FM), and an intraperitoneal injection of uric acid (IU). Serum uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were significantly higher in the SD and IU groups than in the NC group. BCRP and MRP4 levels in the SD and IU groups were significantly increased in the kidneys and ileum and decreased in the liver. In the FM group, BCRP and MRP4 were significantly increased in the kidneys and slightly increased in the ileum. These results demonstrate that chicken BCRP and MRP4 are involved in renal and intestinal uric acid excretion. When renal function is impaired, serum uric acid increased and BCRP and MRP4 in the liver, kidneys, and ileum exhibit compensatory increases; when renal function is normal, serum uric acid changes have no effect on ileum BCRP and MRP4 expression. Therefore, this study may provide the references to the uric acid regulation in human.
Xuedong Ding; Manman Li; Shoufa Qian; Yuying Ma; Tianyi Fang; Xinlu Li; Huan Liu; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; Xichun Wang; Jinchun Li; JinJie Wu. Chicken uric acid elimination via the uric acid transporters BCRP and MRP4 in the liver, kidneys, and intestines. 2018, 358994 .
AMA StyleXuedong Ding, Manman Li, Shoufa Qian, Yuying Ma, Tianyi Fang, Xinlu Li, Huan Liu, Shibin Feng, Yu Li, Xichun Wang, Jinchun Li, JinJie Wu. Chicken uric acid elimination via the uric acid transporters BCRP and MRP4 in the liver, kidneys, and intestines. . 2018; ():358994.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXuedong Ding; Manman Li; Shoufa Qian; Yuying Ma; Tianyi Fang; Xinlu Li; Huan Liu; Shibin Feng; Yu Li; Xichun Wang; Jinchun Li; JinJie Wu. 2018. "Chicken uric acid elimination via the uric acid transporters BCRP and MRP4 in the liver, kidneys, and intestines." , no. : 358994.
Sperm cells are highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during cellular oxidation. In normal cell biology, ROS levels increase with a decreasing antioxidant response, resulting in oxidative stress which threatens sperm biology. Oxidative stress has numerous effects, including increased apoptosis, reduced motion parameters, and reduced sperm integrity. In this regard, green tea polyphenols (GrTPs) have been reported to possess properties that may increase the quality of male and female gametes, mostly via the capability of catechins to reduce ROS production. GrTPs have antioxidant properties that improve major semen parameters, such as sperm concentration, motility, morphology, DNA damage, fertility rate, and gamete quality. These unique properties of green tea catechins could improve reproductive health and represent an important study area. This exploratory review discusses the therapeutic effects of GrTPs against infertility, their possible mechanisms of action, and recommended supportive therapy for improving fertility in humans and in animals.
Sajid Ur Rahman; Yingying Huang; Lei Zhu; Shibin Feng; Ibrar Muhammad Khan; JinJie Wu; Yu Li; Xichun Wang. Therapeutic Role of Green Tea Polyphenols in Improving Fertility: A Review. Nutrients 2018, 10, 834 .
AMA StyleSajid Ur Rahman, Yingying Huang, Lei Zhu, Shibin Feng, Ibrar Muhammad Khan, JinJie Wu, Yu Li, Xichun Wang. Therapeutic Role of Green Tea Polyphenols in Improving Fertility: A Review. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (7):834.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajid Ur Rahman; Yingying Huang; Lei Zhu; Shibin Feng; Ibrar Muhammad Khan; JinJie Wu; Yu Li; Xichun Wang. 2018. "Therapeutic Role of Green Tea Polyphenols in Improving Fertility: A Review." Nutrients 10, no. 7: 834.
Berberine hydrochloride is an isoquinoline type alkaloid extracted from Berberidaceae, Rutaceae, and other plants. Previous reports have shown that berberine hydrochloride has anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced murine model of mastitis was established to explore the anti-inflammatory action of berberine hydrochloride. Sixty mice that had been lactating for 5–7 days were randomly divided into six groups, including control, LPS, three berberine hydrochloride treatment groups (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), and a dexamethasone (DEX) (5 mg/kg) group. Berberine hydrochloride was administered intraperitoneally 1 h before and 12 h after LPS-induced mastitis, and all mice were sacrificed 24 h after LPS induction. The pathological and histopathological changes of the mammary glands were observed. The concentrations and mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR. The activation of TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways was analyzed by Western blot. Results indicated that berberine hydrochloride significantly attenuated neutrophil infiltration and dose-dependently decreased the secretion and mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 within a certain range. Furthermore, berberine hydrochloride suppressed LPS-induced TLR4 and NF-κB p65 activation and the phosphorylation of I-κB. Berberine hydrochloride can provide mice robust protection from LPS-induced mastitis, potentially via the TLR4 and NF-κB pathway.
Xichun Wang; Shibin Feng; Nana Ding; Yanting He; Cheng Li; Manman Li; Xuedong Ding; Hongyan Ding; Jinchun Li; JinJie Wu; Yu Li. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Berberine Hydrochloride in an LPS-Induced Murine Model of Mastitis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018, 2018, 1 -9.
AMA StyleXichun Wang, Shibin Feng, Nana Ding, Yanting He, Cheng Li, Manman Li, Xuedong Ding, Hongyan Ding, Jinchun Li, JinJie Wu, Yu Li. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Berberine Hydrochloride in an LPS-Induced Murine Model of Mastitis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018; 2018 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXichun Wang; Shibin Feng; Nana Ding; Yanting He; Cheng Li; Manman Li; Xuedong Ding; Hongyan Ding; Jinchun Li; JinJie Wu; Yu Li. 2018. "Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Berberine Hydrochloride in an LPS-Induced Murine Model of Mastitis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018, no. : 1-9.
The current study aimed at investigating the effects of flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus (FAC) on the proliferation, the contents, and gene expression levels of cytokines, secretion of surface stimulating factors, cell cycle, and the expression level of the NF-κB signalling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. Our results revealed that compared with control group, the contents of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NO and the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS in FAC-treated groups significantly increased (p<0.01). Moreover, FAC induced macrophage activation to release the above-mentioned mediators partly involved in NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathways. Therefore, FAC regulates immune function in RAW264.7 cells via activating the NF-κB signalling pathway. FAC could be applicable for agriculture, drug research, and food industry as a potent immune-modulatory agent.
Yu Li; Ning Hao; Suping Zou; Tingting Meng; Huanqing Tao; Pengfei Ming; Manman Li; Hongyan Ding; Jinchun Li; Shibin Feng; Xichun Wang; JinJie Wu. Immune Regulation of RAW264.7 Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus via Activating the NF-κB Signalling Pathway. Journal of Immunology Research 2018, 2018, 1 -9.
AMA StyleYu Li, Ning Hao, Suping Zou, Tingting Meng, Huanqing Tao, Pengfei Ming, Manman Li, Hongyan Ding, Jinchun Li, Shibin Feng, Xichun Wang, JinJie Wu. Immune Regulation of RAW264.7 Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus via Activating the NF-κB Signalling Pathway. Journal of Immunology Research. 2018; 2018 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu Li; Ning Hao; Suping Zou; Tingting Meng; Huanqing Tao; Pengfei Ming; Manman Li; Hongyan Ding; Jinchun Li; Shibin Feng; Xichun Wang; JinJie Wu. 2018. "Immune Regulation of RAW264.7 Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus via Activating the NF-κB Signalling Pathway." Journal of Immunology Research 2018, no. : 1-9.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collection of inflammatory conditions of colon and small intestine which affect millions of individuals worldwide and the prevalence amount is on the rise. The organ failure as well as loss of tissue function is because of the inflammatory reaction which is the major contributor of tissue healing leading to lifelong debilitation. To stop the tough consequences of inflammation every patient pursues alternative therapy to relieve symptoms. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) play significant roles in down regulating signaling pathways because GTPs exert effective antioxidant properties and regulate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression via certain receptor, inhibited endotoxin-mediated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production by blocking transcription nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activation and upstream of mediated I kappa B kinase complex pathway activities, as well as intrusion with the flow of cytokines and synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This article highlights the green approach regarding the defensive effects of GTP review-related studies concerning the contrary effects and the key therapeutic targets application of GTPs in biomedical field to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its complications.
Sajid Ur Rahman; Yu Li; Yingying Huang; Lei Zhu; Shibin Feng; JinJie Wu; Xichun Wang. Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease via green tea polyphenols: possible application and protective approaches. Inflammopharmacology 2018, 26, 319 -330.
AMA StyleSajid Ur Rahman, Yu Li, Yingying Huang, Lei Zhu, Shibin Feng, JinJie Wu, Xichun Wang. Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease via green tea polyphenols: possible application and protective approaches. Inflammopharmacology. 2018; 26 (2):319-330.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajid Ur Rahman; Yu Li; Yingying Huang; Lei Zhu; Shibin Feng; JinJie Wu; Xichun Wang. 2018. "Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease via green tea polyphenols: possible application and protective approaches." Inflammopharmacology 26, no. 2: 319-330.