Scalable service-Oriented Middleware over IP (SOME/IP) is an Ethernet communication standard protocol in the Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR), promoting ECU-to-ECU communication over the IP stack. However, SOME/IP lacks a robust security architecture, making it susceptible to potential attacks. Besides, random hardware failure of ECU will disrupt SOME/IP communication. In this paper, we propose SISSA, a SOME/IP communication traffic-based approach for modeling and analyzing in-vehicle functional safety and cyber security. Specifically, SISSA models hardware failures with the Weibull distribution and addresses five potential attacks on SOME/IP communication, including Distributed Denial-of-Services, Man-in-the-Middle, and abnormal communication processes, assuming a malicious user accesses the in-vehicle network. Subsequently, SISSA designs a series of deep learning models with various backbones to extract features from SOME/IP sessions among ECUs. We adopt residual self-attention to accelerate the model’s convergence and enhance detection accuracy, determining whether an ECU is under attack, facing functional failure, or operating normally. Additionally, we have created and annotated a dataset encompassing various classes, including indicators of attack, functionality, and normalcy. This contribution is noteworthy due to the scarcity of publicly accessible datasets with such characteristics. Extensive experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of SISSA.

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are advancing at a fast speed with the improvement of the automotive industry, which opens up new possibilities for different attacks. A Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacker floods the in-vehicle network with fake messages, resulting in the failure of driving assistance systems and impairment of vehicle control functionalities, seriously disrupting the normal operation of the vehicle. In this paper, we propose a novel DDoS attack detection method for in-vehicle Ethernet Scalable service-Oriented Middleware over IP (SOME/IP), which integrates the Hawkes process with Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) to capture the dynamic behavioral features of the attacker. Specifically, we employ the Hawkes process to capture features of the DDoS attack, with its parameters reflecting the dynamism and self-exciting properties of the attack events. Subsequently, we propose a novel deep learning network structure, an HP-LSTM block, inspired by the Hawkes process, while employing a residual attention block to enhance the model’s detection efficiency and accuracy. Additionally, due to the scarcity of publicly available datasets for SOME/IP, we employed a mature SOME/IP generator to create a dataset for evaluating the validity of the proposed detection model. Finally, extensive experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DDoS attack detection method.