This work presents an extensive review of hierarchical control strategies that provide effective and robust control for a DC microgrid. DC microgrid is an efficient, scalable and reliable solution for electrification in remote areas and needs a reliable control scheme such as hierarchical control. The hierarchical control strategy is divided into three layers namely primary, secondary and tertiary based on their functionality. In this study, different methods of primary control for current and voltage regulation, secondary control for error‐correction in voltage and current, power sharing in a microgrid and microgrid clusters and tertiary control for power and energy management with a primary focus on minimal power loss and operational cost in a DC microgrid system are reviewed in‐depth. Along with this, the advantages and limitations of various control structures like centralised, decentralised, distributed are discussed in this study. After a comparative study of all control strategies, the optimum control schemes from the author's point of view are also presented.

This paper presents a comprehensive review on renewable energy based electric vehicle charging techniques, energy storage system with grid support functionality. The classification of electric vehicles charging based on standards, and charging techniques have been reviewed. Based on efficiency, feasibility and reliability, renewable energy like solar PV for electric vehicle charging are addressed. The energy storage system must be properly managed and safely maintained to improve the overall efficiency of electric vehicles for service longevity. A qualitative analysis of power electronics topologies along with its advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of Vehicle-Grid-Integration (VGI) infrastructure its capability, benefits/potential, challenges such as technological, environmental, economic etc. have also been highlighted. A comparative overview of power electronics topologies suitable for electric vehicle charging with VGI infrastructure is also exhibited.

Robust and intelligent control algorithm design is very essential in the development of power electronics converter to maintain constant output voltage regardless of the variations in input voltage and load. In this article, simulation and analysis of interleaved DC-DC converter for electric vehicle charging applications using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are presented. The ANFIS based control algorithm for the DC-DC converter is designed to stabilize output voltage and enhance the performance of the system during transient operations. To verify the design, two-phase interleaved synchronous DC-DC buck converter is simulated in MATLAB-Simulink based environment and simulation results on resistive load are presented.

This paper describes about the design and development of high voltage DC pulse power supply for high power applications. The system has variety of features such as independent control of Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF), Pulse Duration (Ton) and pulse amplitude. PC based wireless pulse generation and control unit with Graphical User Interface (GUI) having variable/controlled PRF (10Hz-1 kHz) and T _on (10-100μ s) is developed for gating pulse generation. Two sets of -25kV, 10A pulse power supplies are connected in series to achieve -50kV, 10A pulse output voltage. High voltage DC pulse power supply is used for the characterization of high power microwave tube and testing applications. To verify the proposed design, simulation and experimental results on resistive load are presented in this paper.

In this paper, closed-loop control of isolated bidirectional dual-active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter is proposed for dual-phase-shift (DPS) scheme using fixed frequency pulse-width-modulation (PWM) plus transmitted command power. DPS is a well-known control scheme to reduce backflow power, current stress, and losses, it also provides better power transfer flexibility under high frequency. However, the conventional DPS scheme has limited performance in light load conditions. The discussed control technique overcomes the instant variation of inner phase shift ratio (D 1 ) w.r.t outer phase shift ratio (D 2 ) during light load conditions. The theoretical concepts of the transmitted power in different modes of operation are presented in this paper along with a detailed analysis of MATLAB simulation results in dynamic conditions and both directions of power flow. The implemented control scheme leverages most of the improved features of the DPS scheme to transfer power from one end to another end.

In this article, the design and development of a fast rise time high-voltage bipolar impulse generator (HV-BIG) system for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based coaxial 222 nm excimer radiation source has been carried out for effective plasma generation. Full bridge topology utilizing silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) along with a step-up transformer has been realized for the development of the HV-BIG system. Sectionalized windings were designed to realize the primary and secondary winding of high-voltage transformers. The fabricated high-voltage transformer features a uniform distribution of the primary and secondary windings to minimize leakage inductance. A control algorithm has been implemented to generate 180 $^{\circ}$ phase-shifted gating pulses with suitable pulse repetition frequency and pulsewidth for the full bridge converter. The developed laboratory prototype of the HV-BIG system was experimentally verified with the DBD-based Krypton/Chlorine (Kr/Cl $_{2})$ excilamp to generate 222 nm radiation with output pulse voltage ranging from $\pm$ 2.85 to $\pm$ 8.25 kV. The HV-BIG system has been experimentally tested to generate variable high-voltage bipolar pulse output voltage with a pulse repetition frequency of 31.5 kHz and tunable at two distinct pulsewidth of 1.0 and 1.2 $\mu $ s.