A new ursane-type nortriterpenoid, (11S,12S)-4-methyl-11,12-epoxy-2-hydroxy-3-oxoursa-1,4-dine-28-oic acid γ-lactone (1), named ulmoidol A, together with ten known compounds: ulmoidol (2), corosolic acid (3), 2α,3α-dihydroxy-24-nor-4(23),12-oleanadien-28-oic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), ursolic acid (6), cycloart-3β, 25-diol (7), foliasalacioside B1 (8), (6R,7E,9R)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one-9-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), (6R,7E,9R)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigma-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), and quercetin 3-O-sambubioside (11) were isolated from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. The structure of compound 1 was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and its absolute configuration was determined by CD experiments and a computational method. Compounds 3, 4, 7–10 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 3 and 4 showed inhibition to PTPIB activities, with IC₅₀ values of 0.69 and 3.98 μM, respectively.

Two new sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids hypoglaunines E (1) and F (2) and a new triterpenoid saponin hypoglaside A (3), together with a known diterpenoid glucoside 11-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl neotriptophenolide (4) and two known triterpenoids 23-nor-oxopristimerol (5) and 2,3-dihydroxy-6-oxo-D:A-froedo-24 nor-1,3,5(10),7-oleanatetraen-29-oic acid (6), have been isolated from the root barks of Tripterygium hypoglaucum. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and MS analysis. Compounds 1–3 were screened for their cytotoxic activities against five cancer cell lines, but all of them were inactive.

In view of the significant neuroprotective effect of Clausena lansium, we continued to separate the n-butanol and the water extracts from the stems of C. lansium in order to find the leading compounds with significant activity. Two new phenolic glycosides, Clausenolside A–B (1–2), one new pair of phenolic enantiomers (3a, 3b), and two new monoterpenoids, clausenapene A–B (4–5), together with twelve known analogues (6–17) were isolated from the stems of C. lansium. Compounds 1–17 were obtained from C. lansium for the first time. Compounds 3a, 3b, 4, 16, and 17 showed strong or moderate potential neuroprotective effects on inhibited PC12 cell injury induced by okadaic acid, and compound 9 exhibited strong potential hepatoprotective activities. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, NMR experiments, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.