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Understanding the functioning of different forest ecosystems is important due to their key role in strategies for climate change mitigation, especially through soil C sequestration. In controlled laboratory conditions, we conducted a preliminary study on six different forest soils (two coniferous, two deciduous, and two mixed sites comprising trees of different ages) collected from the same region. The aim was to explore any differences and assess seasonal changes in soil microbial parameters (basal respiration BR, microbial biomass Cmic, metabolic quotient qCO2, dehydrogenase activity DHA, and Cmic:Corg ratio). Indicator- and forest-specific seasonality was assessed. In addition to litter input, soil parameters (pH, nutrient content, texture and moisture) strongly regulated the analyzed microbial indicators. PCA analysis indicated similarity between mature mixed and deciduous forests. Among annual mean values, high Cmic and DHA with simultaneously low qCO2 suggest that the mature deciduous stand was the most sustainable in microbial activities among the investigated forest soils. Research on the interrelationship between soil parameters and forest types with different tree ages needs to be continued and extended to analyze a greater number of forest and soil types.
Anna Walkiewicz; Andrzej Bieganowski; Adrianna Rafalska; Mohammad I. Khalil; Bruce Osborne. Contrasting Effects of Forest Type and Stand Age on Soil Microbial Activities: Local-Scale Variability Analysis. Biology 2021, 10, 850 .
AMA StyleAnna Walkiewicz, Andrzej Bieganowski, Adrianna Rafalska, Mohammad I. Khalil, Bruce Osborne. Contrasting Effects of Forest Type and Stand Age on Soil Microbial Activities: Local-Scale Variability Analysis. Biology. 2021; 10 (9):850.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Walkiewicz; Andrzej Bieganowski; Adrianna Rafalska; Mohammad I. Khalil; Bruce Osborne. 2021. "Contrasting Effects of Forest Type and Stand Age on Soil Microbial Activities: Local-Scale Variability Analysis." Biology 10, no. 9: 850.
Particle size distribution is an important soil parameter—therefore precise measurement of this characteristic is essential. The application of the widely used laser diffraction method for soil analysis continues to be a subject of debate. The precision of this method, proven on homogeneous samples, has been implicitly extended to soil analyses, but this has not been sufficiently well confirmed in the literature thus far. The aim of this study is to supplement the information available on the precision of the method in terms of reproducibility of soil measurement and whether the reproducibility of soil measurement is characterized by a normal distribution. To estimate the reproducibility of the laser diffraction method, thirteen various soil samples were characterized, and results were analysed statistically. The coefficient of variation acquired was lowest (3.44%) for silt and highest for sand (23.28%). Five of the thirteen tested samples were characterized by a normal distribution. The fraction content of eight samples was not characterized by normal distribution, but the extent of this phenomenon varied between soils. Although the laser diffraction method is repeatable, the measurement of soil particle size distribution can have limited reproducibility. The main cause seems to be small amounts of sand particles. The error can be amplified by the construction of the dispersion unit. Non-parametric statistical tests should be used by default for soil laser diffraction method analysis.
Cezary Polakowski; Magdalena Ryżak; Agata Sochan; Michał Beczek; Rafał Mazur; Andrzej Bieganowski. Particle Size Distribution of Various Soil Materials Measured by Laser Diffraction—The Problem of Reproducibility. Minerals 2021, 11, 465 .
AMA StyleCezary Polakowski, Magdalena Ryżak, Agata Sochan, Michał Beczek, Rafał Mazur, Andrzej Bieganowski. Particle Size Distribution of Various Soil Materials Measured by Laser Diffraction—The Problem of Reproducibility. Minerals. 2021; 11 (5):465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCezary Polakowski; Magdalena Ryżak; Agata Sochan; Michał Beczek; Rafał Mazur; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2021. "Particle Size Distribution of Various Soil Materials Measured by Laser Diffraction—The Problem of Reproducibility." Minerals 11, no. 5: 465.
Bioaccumulation, expressed as the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), is a phenomenon widely investigated in the natural environment and at laboratory scale. However, the BAF is more suitable for ecological studies, while in small-scale experiments it has limitations, which are discussed in this article. We propose a new indicator, the bioaccumulation index (BAI). The BAI takes into account the initial load of test elements, which are added to the experimental system together with the biomass of the organism. This offers the opportunity to explore the phenomena related to the bioaccumulation and, contrary to the BAF, can also reveal the dilution of element concentration in the organism. The BAF can overestimate bioaccumulation, and in an extremal situation, when the dilution of element concentration during organism growth occurs, the BAF may produce completely opposite results to the BAI. In one of the examples presented in this work (Tschirner and Simon, 2015), the concentration of phosphorous in fly larvae was lower after the experiment than in the younger larvae before the experiment. Because the phosphorous concentration in the feed was low, the BAF indicated a high bioaccumulation of this element (BAF = 14.85). In contrast, the BAI showed element dilution, which is a more realistic situation (BAI = −0.32). By taking more data into account, the BAI seems to be more valid in determining bioaccumulation, especially in the context of entomoremediation research.
Kinga Proc; Piotr Bulak; Monika Kaczor; Andrzej Bieganowski. A New Approach to Quantifying Bioaccumulation of Elements in Biological Processes. Biology 2021, 10, 345 .
AMA StyleKinga Proc, Piotr Bulak, Monika Kaczor, Andrzej Bieganowski. A New Approach to Quantifying Bioaccumulation of Elements in Biological Processes. Biology. 2021; 10 (4):345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinga Proc; Piotr Bulak; Monika Kaczor; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2021. "A New Approach to Quantifying Bioaccumulation of Elements in Biological Processes." Biology 10, no. 4: 345.
Splash is the first step of the water erosion process initiated when raindrops hit the earth’s surface and eject particles of soil. The ability to physically describe this phenomenon is important in order to counteract it. One of the research aspects of splash is energy dissipation of the impacting drop where the ejection of particles is significant part. Therefore, the main aim of this work is the presentation of an improved method for calculation of the kinetic energy of two-phase splashed material (water/solid soil particles). Measurements were carried out on Haplic Luvisol soil surface and single drop impact. Different methodologies allowed for obtaining key parameters that influence particles’ energy, including measuring the number of ejected particles, their mass, and their ejection velocity. High-speed cameras registered the phenomenon, identified particles, and reconstructed their flight trajectories. Based on the analysis of particle trajectories, it was possible to determine the distribution of particles’ ejection velocity with the average value equal 2.60 m·s−1. Splash cup measurements provided data on the total mass of splashed material, including its division into the solid phase (soil) and the liquid phase (water), and calculation of the average density of ejected particles (1.31 g·cm−3). An alternative method for particles’ mass calculation, the 2D image analysis method, was calibrated with the results obtained with the splash cup. Based on the input data, three variants of kinetic energy calculation of the splashed material were tested. The variants differed in assumptions and approximations, and it was difficult to determine which was preferable. Taking into account the results from all variants, however, it can be stated that the total kinetic energy of splashed particles in relation to the kinetic energy of a water drop hitting the soil surface ranged between 4.6% and 7.4%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first report of kinetic energy calculation which takes into account the two-phase nature of splashed material.
M. Beczek; M. Ryżak; A. Sochan; R. Mazur; C. Polakowski; A. Bieganowski. A new approach to kinetic energy calculation of two-phase soil splashed material. Geoderma 2021, 396, 115087 .
AMA StyleM. Beczek, M. Ryżak, A. Sochan, R. Mazur, C. Polakowski, A. Bieganowski. A new approach to kinetic energy calculation of two-phase soil splashed material. Geoderma. 2021; 396 ():115087.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Beczek; M. Ryżak; A. Sochan; R. Mazur; C. Polakowski; A. Bieganowski. 2021. "A new approach to kinetic energy calculation of two-phase soil splashed material." Geoderma 396, no. : 115087.
Chitin has become a desirable raw material used in various areas of life. The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) can be a source of this substance. In the literature, there are many methods of obtaining chitin but there is no one universal method of isolating it. In this publication, we present various procedures for the isolation of chitin from H. illucens pupal exuviae. The obtained chitin variants were characterized using different techniques (optical and confocal microscopy, FTIR, XRD, EDX, thermogravimetric analysis). The tested chitin isolated with an efficiency of 5.69–7.95% was the α form with a crystallinity degree of 60% and maximum degradation temperature of 392 °C. Furthermore, we characterized the nickel ion biosorption process on chitin and proposed the mechanism of this process to be ion exchange and complexation. There have been no such studies thus far on the isolation of chitin from H. illucens exuviae or on the biosorption of nickel ions on this type of biosorbent. The conducted research can be used to develop the application of chitin as a metal biosorbent that can be obtained with relatively high efficiency and good sorption properties.
Katarzyna Złotko; Adam Waśko; Daniel Kamiński; Iwona Budziak-Wieczorek; Piotr Bulak; Andrzej Bieganowski. Isolation of Chitin from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) and Its Usage to Metal Sorption. Polymers 2021, 13, 818 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Złotko, Adam Waśko, Daniel Kamiński, Iwona Budziak-Wieczorek, Piotr Bulak, Andrzej Bieganowski. Isolation of Chitin from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) and Its Usage to Metal Sorption. Polymers. 2021; 13 (5):818.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Złotko; Adam Waśko; Daniel Kamiński; Iwona Budziak-Wieczorek; Piotr Bulak; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2021. "Isolation of Chitin from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) and Its Usage to Metal Sorption." Polymers 13, no. 5: 818.
Earthworm activity is a key factor in creating soil aggregates, but introduced organic matter and abiotic factors are also equally important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of aggregates made by earthworms in soils with organic additives. Additionally, the two aggregate stability measurement methods were compared: (i) the wet-sieve method and (ii) the laser diffraction method. A six-month container experiment containing sixteen treatments and controls were made. Each treatment included one of four types of soil texture: sand, loam, silty loam and clay, and one of four additives: straw, peat, compost and compost with added microorganisms. To each treatment, six earthworms were added, two each of species commonly occurring in Polish soils: Dendrodrilus rubidus, Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. rosea. This study confirmed that earthworm activity was the factor favoring aggregate formation. In terms of the investigated organic additives, the efficiency of aggregate creation was as follows: compost with active bacteria, compost, peat and straw. Nevertheless, earthworms alone, without the addition of an organic additive, did not form permanent aggregates. The wet sieving and laser diffractometry methods of measuring aggregate stability were comparable for silty, clayey and loamy soils.
Agnieszka Józefowska; Karolina Woźnica; Justyna Sokołowska; Agata Sochan; Tomasz Zaleski; Magdalena Ryżak; Andrzej Bieganowski. Stability of Aggregates Made by Earthworms in Soils with Organic Additives. Agronomy 2021, 11, 421 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Józefowska, Karolina Woźnica, Justyna Sokołowska, Agata Sochan, Tomasz Zaleski, Magdalena Ryżak, Andrzej Bieganowski. Stability of Aggregates Made by Earthworms in Soils with Organic Additives. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):421.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Józefowska; Karolina Woźnica; Justyna Sokołowska; Agata Sochan; Tomasz Zaleski; Magdalena Ryżak; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2021. "Stability of Aggregates Made by Earthworms in Soils with Organic Additives." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 421.
We tested agriculturally and chemically degraded Brunic Arenosol and Abruptic Luvisol of contrasting textures to establish the early response of soil quality to two different mineral fertilizers (Polifoska and urea) amended with microbes applied in optimal and reduced doses. The soil samples were collected from two fields under maize: one week (Ist sampling time) and six months (IInd sampling time) after fertilization. The laboratory experiment included determination of: catalase activity, dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass, and basal respiration; pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were also measured. The silty Luvisol was characterized by higher biological activity than the sandy Arenosol. Biofertilizer addition to degraded soils increased the biological activity, even in reduced doses of additives used; however the responses of the tested microbiological indicators were different. Soil texture affected the positive biomass response to biofertilizers which was observed in samples from Ist sampling time in silty soil, while from IInd sampling time in sandy soil. Based on our results, we propose that Polifoska with microorganisms (used in full dose) may be optimal for silty soil. Polifoska (in reduced dose) and urea (both in full and reduced dose) may be recommended for sandy soils. Increasing pH was a stronger driver of soil biological activity than DOC. Long-term field testing is suggested for validating our results.
Anna Walkiewicz; Małgorzata Brzezińska; Andrzej Bieganowski; Lidia Sas-Paszt; Magdalena Frąc. Early Response of Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity to Biofertilizer Application in Degraded Brunic Arenosol and Abruptic Luvisol of Contrasting Textures. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1347 .
AMA StyleAnna Walkiewicz, Małgorzata Brzezińska, Andrzej Bieganowski, Lidia Sas-Paszt, Magdalena Frąc. Early Response of Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity to Biofertilizer Application in Degraded Brunic Arenosol and Abruptic Luvisol of Contrasting Textures. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1347.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Walkiewicz; Małgorzata Brzezińska; Andrzej Bieganowski; Lidia Sas-Paszt; Magdalena Frąc. 2020. "Early Response of Soil Microbial Biomass and Activity to Biofertilizer Application in Degraded Brunic Arenosol and Abruptic Luvisol of Contrasting Textures." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1347.
Background Humic substances (HS) are compounds with a complicated structure, present in the humus soil layer, water, lake sediments, peat, brown coal and shales. Due to their similar physicochemical properties to DNA, they may have an adverse effect on the subsequent use of the isolated material. The main aim of this research was to examine the effect of HS on DNA isolation depending on the soil type and land use, taking into account the spectroscopic full characteristics of HS fractions. Methods The research was conducted on eight types of soil sample. Soils represented the most important Soil Reference Groups for temperate climates: Fluvisols, Regosols, Cambisols, Arenosols, Histosols and Luvisols. Soil samples were also collected from areas diversified in terms of use: arable land, grassland and forest. The extraction of HS fractions was performed using the procedure recommended by the International HS Society. The fractional composition of HS was characterized by UV–Vis and fluorescence methods. Soil DNA is extracted by direct cell lysis in the using a CTAB-based method with a commonly-used commercial soil DNA isolation kit. The basis for assessing the quantity and quality of extracted DNA was the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction since the analysis of soil DNA often relies on the use of PCR to study soil microorganisms. Results Based on the results, it can be concluded that in the presence of a high concentration of HS, the isolated DNA was low quality and the additional purification procedure was necessary. Despite the differentiation of the internal structure of HS fractions, the decisive factor in the efficiency of DNA isolation from soil samples was the total carbon content in HS. Reduced DNA yields can significantly constrain PCR detection limits to levels inadequate for metagenomic analysis, especially from humus-rich soils.
Ewa Wnuk; Adam Waśko; Anna Walkiewicz; Piotr Bartmiński; Romualda Bejger; Lilla Mielnik; Andrzej Bieganowski. The effects of humic substances on DNA isolation from soils. PeerJ 2020, 8, e9378 .
AMA StyleEwa Wnuk, Adam Waśko, Anna Walkiewicz, Piotr Bartmiński, Romualda Bejger, Lilla Mielnik, Andrzej Bieganowski. The effects of humic substances on DNA isolation from soils. PeerJ. 2020; 8 ():e9378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Wnuk; Adam Waśko; Anna Walkiewicz; Piotr Bartmiński; Romualda Bejger; Lilla Mielnik; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2020. "The effects of humic substances on DNA isolation from soils." PeerJ 8, no. : e9378.
It has been reported that biochar changes the properties of soil and has beneficial environmental and agrotechnical consequences, especially in degraded lands, including those affected by climate change. We added wood biochar (produced from fir sawdust by pyrolysis at 650 °C) to soil collected from a forest and an adjacent long-term cultivated orchard to test the short-term response of soil respiration and methanotrophy under moisture levels of 100% and 55% water holding capacity (WHC). In the controls of the respiration studies (without biochar), CO2 emission was generally higher under 55% than 100% WHC in both soils. Biochar application to the forest soil resulted in a significant reduction of the CO2 emission rate under both WHC levels. This is in contrast with the orchard soil, where the CO2 emission rate was not significantly changed (55% WHC) or even stimulated (100% WHC). Regardless of the moisture level, the CO2 emission and O2 consumption was higher in the forest soil than in orchard soil. In the controls of the methanotrophic study, only slight CH4 consumption was observed in both the tested water-content conditions. The biochar effect was dependent on the WHC level. Under 100% WHC, CH4 was completely consumed in both soils with different lag durations. However, under 55% WHC, methanotrophy was stimulated by biochar only in the orchard soil. We concluded that the short-term response of soil respiration and methanotrophy to biochar amendment is influenced by land use and strongly depends on soil moisture conditions. We showed the effectiveness of biochar addition as a method to limit CO2 emission in non-saturated forest soil, and to increase CH4 uptake in saturated soils, regardless of land use, which confirms its efficiency in reducing the greenhouse effect.
Anna Walkiewicz; Kira Kalinichenko; Adam Kubaczyński; Małgorzata Brzezińska; Andrzej Bieganowski. Usage of biochar for mitigation of CO2 emission and enhancement of CH4 consumption in forest and orchard Haplic Luvisol (Siltic) soils. Applied Soil Ecology 2020, 156, 103711 .
AMA StyleAnna Walkiewicz, Kira Kalinichenko, Adam Kubaczyński, Małgorzata Brzezińska, Andrzej Bieganowski. Usage of biochar for mitigation of CO2 emission and enhancement of CH4 consumption in forest and orchard Haplic Luvisol (Siltic) soils. Applied Soil Ecology. 2020; 156 ():103711.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Walkiewicz; Kira Kalinichenko; Adam Kubaczyński; Małgorzata Brzezińska; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2020. "Usage of biochar for mitigation of CO2 emission and enhancement of CH4 consumption in forest and orchard Haplic Luvisol (Siltic) soils." Applied Soil Ecology 156, no. : 103711.
Reduction of the greenhouse effect is primarily associated with the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the gases that increases the greenhouse effect - it is responsible for about half of the greenhouse effect. Significant sources of CO2are wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and waste management, with about 3% contribution to global emissions. CO2is produced mainly in the aerobic stage of wastewater purification and is a consequence of activated sludge activity. Although the roles of activated sludge components in the purification process have been studied quite well, their quantitative contribution to CO2emissions is still unknown. The emission of CO2caused by prokaryotes and eukaryotes over the course of a year (taking into account subsequent seasons) in model sequencing batch reactors (SBR) is presented in this study. In this work, for the first time, we aimed to quantify this contribution of eukaryotic organisms to total CO2emissions during the WWTP process. It is of the order of several or more ppm. The contribution of CO2produced by different components of activated sludge in WWTPs can improve estimation of the emissions of GHGs in this area of human activity.
Katarzyna Jaromin-Gleń; Roman Babko; Tatiana Kuzmina; Yaroslav Danko; Grzegorz Łagód; Cezary Polakowski; Joanna Szulżyk-Cieplak; Andrzej Bieganowski. Contribution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes to CO2emissions in the wastewater treatment process. PeerJ 2020, 8, e9325 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Jaromin-Gleń, Roman Babko, Tatiana Kuzmina, Yaroslav Danko, Grzegorz Łagód, Cezary Polakowski, Joanna Szulżyk-Cieplak, Andrzej Bieganowski. Contribution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes to CO2emissions in the wastewater treatment process. PeerJ. 2020; 8 ():e9325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Jaromin-Gleń; Roman Babko; Tatiana Kuzmina; Yaroslav Danko; Grzegorz Łagód; Cezary Polakowski; Joanna Szulżyk-Cieplak; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2020. "Contribution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes to CO2emissions in the wastewater treatment process." PeerJ 8, no. : e9325.
Biogas production and microbial community structure were analyzed as an effect of biochar addition to a fermentation sludge containing sugar beet pulp. Positive effects of the treatment including an increase in process efficiency and better biogas quality were noted. The effect of biochar on AD (anaerobic digestion process) microbial communities was investigated after total DNA extraction from biochar-amended fermentation mixtures by PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments and Illumina amplicon sequencing. A combination of microbiological and physico-chemical analyses was used to study the mechanism by which biochar influences the process of anaerobic digestion of sugar beep pulp. It was found that the main reason of the changes in biogas production was the reshaping of the microbial communities, in particular enrichment of Bacteroidales and Clostridiales. It was proposed that biochar, in addition to being a conductor for mediating interspecies electron transfer, serves also as a habitat for hydrolytic bacteria. It was elucidated that the main driving force for the preferential colonization of biochar surfaces is its hydrophobicity. The presented research indicates the high potential of biochar to stimulate the methane fermentation process.
Anna Pytlak; Agnieszka Kasprzycka; Anna Szafranek-Nakonieczna; Jarosław Grządziel; Adam Kubaczyński; Kinga Proc; Paulina Onopiuk; Anna Walkiewicz; Cezary Polakowski; Anna Gałązka; Justyna Lalak-Kańczugowska; Zofia Stępniewska; Andrzej Bieganowski. Biochar addition reinforces microbial interspecies cooperation in methanation of sugar beet waste (pulp). Science of The Total Environment 2020, 730, 138921 .
AMA StyleAnna Pytlak, Agnieszka Kasprzycka, Anna Szafranek-Nakonieczna, Jarosław Grządziel, Adam Kubaczyński, Kinga Proc, Paulina Onopiuk, Anna Walkiewicz, Cezary Polakowski, Anna Gałązka, Justyna Lalak-Kańczugowska, Zofia Stępniewska, Andrzej Bieganowski. Biochar addition reinforces microbial interspecies cooperation in methanation of sugar beet waste (pulp). Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 730 ():138921.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Pytlak; Agnieszka Kasprzycka; Anna Szafranek-Nakonieczna; Jarosław Grządziel; Adam Kubaczyński; Kinga Proc; Paulina Onopiuk; Anna Walkiewicz; Cezary Polakowski; Anna Gałązka; Justyna Lalak-Kańczugowska; Zofia Stępniewska; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2020. "Biochar addition reinforces microbial interspecies cooperation in methanation of sugar beet waste (pulp)." Science of The Total Environment 730, no. : 138921.
A new branch of the insect-based food and feed industry is intensively developing all over the world, the best proof of which is the recent change in legislation at the European level allowing the use of insect protein in the production of feed for aquaculture animals. Previous publications have proven that some heavy metals can be bioaccumulated in fly H. illucens (black soldier fly), even when the insect is raised on optimal feed with an acceptable heavy metal content. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioaccumulation potential of H. illucens in relation to micro- and macroelements, toxic elements and for the first time, selected non-essential elements from optimal feed. Our results showed that bioaccumulation of Ba, Bi, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mo, Se and Zn occurred in all stages of insect development and in puparia, while bioaccumulation of Al, As, Co, K, Pb and Si was not found. The highest bioaccumulation factors were obtained for Ca and Mn in puparia - 38 and 21 respectively. In addition, Ca, Cd, Ga, Mn, P and S were bioaccumulated only in some developmental stages of the insect. The results are discussed in the context of the safety of feed and food production from H. illucens.
Kinga Proc; Piotr Bulak; Dariusz Wiącek; Andrzej Bieganowski. Hermetia illucens exhibits bioaccumulative potential for 15 different elements – Implications for feed and food production. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 723, 138125 .
AMA StyleKinga Proc, Piotr Bulak, Dariusz Wiącek, Andrzej Bieganowski. Hermetia illucens exhibits bioaccumulative potential for 15 different elements – Implications for feed and food production. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 723 ():138125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKinga Proc; Piotr Bulak; Dariusz Wiącek; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2020. "Hermetia illucens exhibits bioaccumulative potential for 15 different elements – Implications for feed and food production." Science of The Total Environment 723, no. : 138125.
Ewa Wnuk; Anna Walkiewicz; Andrzej Bieganowski. Effect of lead and chloride ions on methane production in arable soils. International Agrophysics 2020, 34, 185 -193.
AMA StyleEwa Wnuk, Anna Walkiewicz, Andrzej Bieganowski. Effect of lead and chloride ions on methane production in arable soils. International Agrophysics. 2020; 34 (2):185-193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Wnuk; Anna Walkiewicz; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2020. "Effect of lead and chloride ions on methane production in arable soils." International Agrophysics 34, no. 2: 185-193.
The use of biofertilizers is a promising method of improving the quality of degraded and cultivated soils. High soil quality ensures high crop yields as well as is prerequisite to the proper soil functioning in the ecosystem. We tested methanotrophic activity of sandy and clayey soil (located in Poland - in Biszcza and Basznia, respectively) as affected by the use fertilizers with microorganisms and humic acids. Nine soil treatments were included (B: without microbial enrichments: (C) - Control zero without fertilization; (CF) - Control zero + fungal strains; (CB) - Control zero + bacterial strains; (UC) - Urea without microbiological amendment; (UA100) - Urea (100% + bacterial strains; (UA60) - Urea (60%) + bacterial strains; (NPK) - Control + NPK; (NPKF) - Control + NPK + fungal strains; and (NPKB) – Control + NPK + bacterial strains. Soil samples were collected two months after fertilization, and incubated in laboratory with methane (1% vol.) for 21 days. Soils differed in CH4 uptake rate and showed various response to the treatments. Generally, sandy soil showed higher methanotrophic activity than clayey soil. Fungal and bacterial strains (CF and CB) delayed CH4 oxidation in sandy soil, while not affected the process in the clay soil. Urea apparently inhibited CH4 oxidation in sandy soil without as well as with microbial enrichment (UC, UA100, UA60). In clayey soil urea had no effect. The use of NPK fertilizer without microbes inhibited CH4 consumption compared to Control (C) in sandy soil but not in clayey soil. Fungal (NPKF) and bacterial (NPKB) enrichments resulted in acceleration of the CH4 oxidation in sandy soil. In clayey soil fungal enrichments (NPKF) accelerated CH4 oxidation while bacterial amendments (NPKB) gave the opposite effect.
The presentation is financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under the program BIOSTRATEG3, contract number BIOSTRATEG3/347464/5/NCBR/2017 "BIO FERTIL"
Andrzej Bieganowski; Małgorzata Brzezińska; Cezary Polakowski; Sylwia Duda; Anna Walkiewicz; Karolina Tkaczyk; Katarzyna Jaromin-Gleń; Magdalena Frąc. Short-term response of methane oxidation to biofertilizer treatments in sandy and clay soil. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAndrzej Bieganowski, Małgorzata Brzezińska, Cezary Polakowski, Sylwia Duda, Anna Walkiewicz, Karolina Tkaczyk, Katarzyna Jaromin-Gleń, Magdalena Frąc. Short-term response of methane oxidation to biofertilizer treatments in sandy and clay soil. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Bieganowski; Małgorzata Brzezińska; Cezary Polakowski; Sylwia Duda; Anna Walkiewicz; Karolina Tkaczyk; Katarzyna Jaromin-Gleń; Magdalena Frąc. 2020. "Short-term response of methane oxidation to biofertilizer treatments in sandy and clay soil." , no. : 1.
Soil is a non-renewable environment in which, depending on the prevailing O2 conditions, two opposite processes – methanogenesis and methanotrophy - may take place. The rates of the processes may result in soil acting as a sink or a source of methane (CH4). Due to agricultural practices, heavy metals may accumulate affecting soil microbial processes. We tested the effect of cadmium (Cd) contamination on CH4 emission and uptake in three mineral soils (Eutric Cambisol, Haplic Podzol, Mollic Gleysol). Additionally, in the methanotrophy study, different soil moisture levels (pF 0; 2.2; 3.2) were studied. Based on the European annual and maximum limits, soils were polluted with cadmium in four doses (per dry soil mass): 0.048 mg Cd kg−1 (and its five-fold higher value) and 3.00 mg Cd kg−1 (and its five-fold higher value). The results showed that all tested soils produced and consumed CH4. Methane production rates were not significantly changed by the presence of the cadmium (except annual five-fold Cd dose in Podzol). In methanotrophy study, soil moisture was stronger regulator of CH4 oxidation (p < 0.05) than Cd pollution which effect depended on the soil type, Cd dose and pF level. CH4 was completely consumed in Cambisol (only at pF 0 with the rate significantly different from the rates at pF 2.2 and 3.2) and in Gleysol (at pF 0; pF 2.2; the CH4 oxidation rates were significantly different among all tested moistures with annual Cd dose), but this process was delayed after the application of the higher Cd doses. Among the tested soils, only the Podzol oxidized the added CH4 under all tested moisture levels (with the rate significantly different at pF 2.2 wit annual Cd dose), while Cd addition delayed CH4 uptake as well. In the Podzol, CH4 consumption was inhibited only by the highest Cd dose at low moisture (pF 3.2).
Ewa Wnuk; Anna Walkiewicz; Andrzej Bieganowski. Methanogenesis and aerobic methanotrophy in arable soils contaminated with cadmium. CATENA 2020, 189, 104480 .
AMA StyleEwa Wnuk, Anna Walkiewicz, Andrzej Bieganowski. Methanogenesis and aerobic methanotrophy in arable soils contaminated with cadmium. CATENA. 2020; 189 ():104480.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Wnuk; Anna Walkiewicz; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2020. "Methanogenesis and aerobic methanotrophy in arable soils contaminated with cadmium." CATENA 189, no. : 104480.
BACKGROUND Achieving sustainability of agricultural production is one of the key challenges for humanity. Minimizing the use of chemicals and replacing them with biological plant protection is, firstly, fully in line with the agriculture's development strategy and, secondly, confirmed to be achievable in practice. For instance, many researchers point to the potential of using Trichogramma spp. to control Ostrinia nubilalis in maize. However, the application methods for preparations containing Trichogramma spp. are still at the stage of development. So far, ground application proved time and energy consuming. Aerial application using ultralight aircraft is a new option. RESULTS The paper presents the results of tests on the effectiveness of applying Trichogramma spp. from the board of an ultralight gyroplane. A 6‐year experiment was conducted on a maize monoculture located in south‐western Poland. The results indicate that the low‐height aerial application allows precise dosing and satisfactory distribution of the biopesticide. The efficacy of 60–85% (depending on the year) of the gyroplane‐based spraying operations was comparable with that observed for ground application. CONCLUSION Considering the speed and high efficiency of the treatment, using a gyroplane as a carrier of the biopesticide application system is a good alternative to the other methods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Małgorzata Bzowska‐Bakalarz; Piotr Bulak; Paweł K. Bereś; Agata Czarnigowska; Jacek Czarnigowski; Bartłomiej Karamon; Michał Pniak; Andrzej Bieganowski. Using gyroplane for application of Trichogramma spp. against the European corn borer in maize. Pest Management Science 2020, 76, 2243 -2250.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Bzowska‐Bakalarz, Piotr Bulak, Paweł K. Bereś, Agata Czarnigowska, Jacek Czarnigowski, Bartłomiej Karamon, Michał Pniak, Andrzej Bieganowski. Using gyroplane for application of Trichogramma spp. against the European corn borer in maize. Pest Management Science. 2020; 76 (6):2243-2250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Bzowska‐Bakalarz; Piotr Bulak; Paweł K. Bereś; Agata Czarnigowska; Jacek Czarnigowski; Bartłomiej Karamon; Michał Pniak; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2020. "Using gyroplane for application of Trichogramma spp. against the European corn borer in maize." Pest Management Science 76, no. 6: 2243-2250.
Biochar additions may mitigate N2O emissions from soil. The mechanisms underpinning the mitigation of emissions remain to be elucidated. A series of incubation experiments were performed to investigate the effects of biochar on N2O production and reduction in columns with a low-fertility or high-fertility soil, with or without the injection of N2O in the subsoil and with and without glucose (to stimulate denitrification). Biochar was added to the calcareous soils in 0 and 1% (w/w) amounts and moisture was maintained at 70% water-filled pore space (WFPS) over the incubation period. The results revealed that biochar reduced the emissions of soil-produced N2O by 37–47% and those of injected N2O by 23–44%. The addition of glucose solution strongly increased N2O emissions, while biochar reduced total N2O emissions by as much as 64–81% and those of injected N2O alone by 29–51%. Differences between the low-fertility and high-fertility soils in the apparent N2O emission mitigation by biochar were relatively small, but tended to be larger for the low-fertility soil. The results suggest that biochar addition can suppress the production of N2O in soil and simultaneously stimulate the reduction of N2O to N2. Further studies are needed to elucidate the regulatory effects of biochar in soil.
Wenxu Dong; Anna Walkiewicz; Andrzej Bieganowski; Oene Oenema; Magdalena Nosalewicz; Chaohui He; Yuming Zhang; Chunsheng Hu. Biochar promotes the reduction of N2O to N2 and concurrently suppresses the production of N2O in calcareous soil. Geoderma 2019, 362, 114091 .
AMA StyleWenxu Dong, Anna Walkiewicz, Andrzej Bieganowski, Oene Oenema, Magdalena Nosalewicz, Chaohui He, Yuming Zhang, Chunsheng Hu. Biochar promotes the reduction of N2O to N2 and concurrently suppresses the production of N2O in calcareous soil. Geoderma. 2019; 362 ():114091.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenxu Dong; Anna Walkiewicz; Andrzej Bieganowski; Oene Oenema; Magdalena Nosalewicz; Chaohui He; Yuming Zhang; Chunsheng Hu. 2019. "Biochar promotes the reduction of N2O to N2 and concurrently suppresses the production of N2O in calcareous soil." Geoderma 362, no. : 114091.
The phenomenon of splash is connected with soil erosion, occurs commonly, and has a complex nature. The study presents the results of research in which glass beads (dry and saturated beds) with a diameter size range of 0.425–0.6 mm were used as a soil model. Patterns and layers of glass particles (beads), distinguished by their colour were placed on the surface of the samples. Displacements of the marked beads were used for the analysis of movement caused by splash. The measurements were supplemented with recordings made with high-speed cameras and photographs from an X-ray microtomograph. Three types of displacement for dry bed elements were distinguished: (i) displacement inside the surface area wetted with a falling drop of water, (ii) ejection and (iii) placement on the crater rim, as well as two types of displacement for elements from saturated beds: (i) displacement inside the deformation and (ii) ejection. The distance travelled by the beads was related to the specificity their displacement, which was associated with the initial location of the beads on the sample surface. In the case of dry beds, glass beads with an initial location equal to 14 mm or more from the centre of the drop impact were not moved. In the case of saturated beds, this distance was about 10 mm. More than 95% of the beads ejected from dry beds came from the surface layer of the sample. All the measurement methods applied show that the deformations of the dry bed surfaces were greater and more diversified than those of the saturated beds. The results presented in the study are important for understanding the mechanisms of transport of bacteria, fungi, and pollutants transferred with ejected soil particles during splash. The results can also be used for a physical description of the phenomenon for the computer modelling of both splash and water erosion.
Rafał Mazur; Magdalena Ryżak; Agata Sochan; Karolina Marciszuk; Michał Beczek; Krzysztof Lamorski; Andrzej Bieganowski. Surface deformation and displacement of bed elements during splash – Model tests. CATENA 2019, 185, 104277 .
AMA StyleRafał Mazur, Magdalena Ryżak, Agata Sochan, Karolina Marciszuk, Michał Beczek, Krzysztof Lamorski, Andrzej Bieganowski. Surface deformation and displacement of bed elements during splash – Model tests. CATENA. 2019; 185 ():104277.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafał Mazur; Magdalena Ryżak; Agata Sochan; Karolina Marciszuk; Michał Beczek; Krzysztof Lamorski; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2019. "Surface deformation and displacement of bed elements during splash – Model tests." CATENA 185, no. : 104277.
A splash experiment was carried out on a model soil – glass beads with diameter of 425–600 μm using high‐speed cameras and sticky paper. Two different types of particles were involved in the process: droplets of water and glass beads. We argue that the result of splash of solid particles is best modeled as a stochastic point process, i.e., a random number of randomly distributed points (beads) on a plane, and provide basic physical and statistical evidence that, in medium distance range (i.e., for our experiment, in the ranges of 29 mm to 64 mm) the splash may be modeled as the Poisson point process. We also argue that, in the range between 15 mm and 29 mm, a distribution different than Poisson is closer to reality. These two radically different types of distributions of numbers of beads in two regions reflect the fact that the solid phase of the splash involves two types of beads: those ejected in the early stage, traveling larger distances, and those ejected later, traveling shorter distances. Information on the distributions of and relations between the numbers of splashed particles in different regions may be instrumental in understanding mechanics and scale of the spread of pollutants/pathogens and plant diseases as a result of splash. Meanwhile, we describe the distributions of the total number of beads, the maximum range, and the average distance beads particles travel in a single experiment, and discuss effectiveness of detection of beads by the cameras.
Agata Sochan; Z. A. Łagodowski; E. Nieznaj; M. Beczek; M. Ryzak; Rafał Mazur; Adam Bobrowski; Andrzej Bieganowski. Splash of Solid Particles as a Stochastic Point Process. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 2019, 124, 2475 -2490.
AMA StyleAgata Sochan, Z. A. Łagodowski, E. Nieznaj, M. Beczek, M. Ryzak, Rafał Mazur, Adam Bobrowski, Andrzej Bieganowski. Splash of Solid Particles as a Stochastic Point Process. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 2019; 124 (11):2475-2490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Sochan; Z. A. Łagodowski; E. Nieznaj; M. Beczek; M. Ryzak; Rafał Mazur; Adam Bobrowski; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2019. "Splash of Solid Particles as a Stochastic Point Process." Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 124, no. 11: 2475-2490.
The cell walls of fungi are composed of glycoproteins, chitin, and α- and β-glucans. Although there are many reports on β-glucans, α-glucan polysaccharides are not yet fully understood. This review characterizes the physicochemical properties and functions of (1→3)-α-d-glucans. Particular attention has been paid to practical application and the effect of glucans in various respects, taking into account unfavourable effects and potential use. The role of α-glucans in plant infection has been proven, and collected facts have confirmed the characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus infection associated with the presence of glucan in fungal cell wall. Like β-glucans, there are now evidence that α-glucans can also stimulate the immune system. Moreover, α-d-glucans have the ability to induce mutanases and can thus decompose plaque.
Katarzyna Złotko; Adrian Wiater; Adam Waśko; Małgorzata Pleszczyńska; Roman Paduch; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Andrzej Bieganowski. A Report on Fungal (1→3)-α-d-glucans: Properties, Functions and Application. Molecules 2019, 24, 3972 .
AMA StyleKatarzyna Złotko, Adrian Wiater, Adam Waśko, Małgorzata Pleszczyńska, Roman Paduch, Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł, Andrzej Bieganowski. A Report on Fungal (1→3)-α-d-glucans: Properties, Functions and Application. Molecules. 2019; 24 (21):3972.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatarzyna Złotko; Adrian Wiater; Adam Waśko; Małgorzata Pleszczyńska; Roman Paduch; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Andrzej Bieganowski. 2019. "A Report on Fungal (1→3)-α-d-glucans: Properties, Functions and Application." Molecules 24, no. 21: 3972.