This article discusses the issues of cluster policy formation in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of studying the experience of leading countries. The research aim is to find new effective tools and institutions for the development of the cluster structuring of the agro-industrial complex economy of Kazakhstan. Cluster policy in the field of supporting regional clusters starts with the identification of already existing clusters in the region, because by viewing the regional economy through the prism of various local industries and innovative enterprises, regional authorities can identify measures of effective impact and support for their clusters. This research examines the possibilities of using clusters and cluster policy as one of the most important components of the policy for the development and support of small and medium-sized enterprises in Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex. The research methodology includes qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods, comparative analysis, and mathematical processing (the Pearson correlation coefficient), as well as the modeling of possible development scenarios. The obtained results show that there are significant opportunities for a wider involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises in the formation of cluster structures of the agro-industrial sector through joint efforts by the government and regional centers in the conditions of innovative development of the country’s economy.

Goal - main problems of ensuring food security in Kazakhstan, formation and development of agricultural clusters as a strategic direction of agriculture in the republic are considered. Methods – empirical methods of research, analysis, synthesis, comparative characteristics, generalization were used. Results - the authors indicate that agro-clusters, by facilitating cooperation between stakeholders, play a key role in diversifying agricultural production, reducing post-harvest losses and improving access to markets. From environmental and economic perspective, they are an effective integration structure that allows one to gain a competitive advantage. The realization of agricultural potential is possible through the strengthening of cooperative principles and clustering of the agricultural sector. Cluster management will be aimed at creating conditions for the active use of innovations in technology, management, marketing, as well as to increase the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. The main objectives of the long-term cluster policy are: stabilization of the development of AIC; increasing the share of products and services in the total volume of gross output and exports; increasing the investment attractiveness of the agricultural industry; creating favorable conditions for business activity in rural areas; increasing employment, income and quality of life of the rural population. Based on a detailed study of these issues, conclusions were drawn: the practice of spreading agricultural clusters is significantly influenced by improving the legislative framework, eliminating barriers to internal competition, promoting the expansion of sales markets, and creating specialized training programs. When creating agricultural clusters, national and regional interests must be taken into account; they become driving forces in solving issues of food supply for the region and the country as a whole.

The article examines the issues and prospects of agricultural enterprises within agricultural clusters. It analyzes key aspects of agricultural cluster functioning, including the integration of producers, processors, and distribution structures, as well as the impact of innovative technologies on production efficiency. The article emphasizes that the successful implementation of the agricultural cluster model requires a comprehensive approach, involving synergy between producers, processors, retail networks, and government structures. A key part of the research is the calculation of profitability and efficiency ratios. The profitability ratio remains high, confirming stable net profit generation. The cost profitability ratio increased from 225.6% to 261.5%, reflecting more efficient resource use, cost reduction, and profit growth. The profit growth ratio showed a 9.97% increase in net profit after joining the agricultural cluster, and the cost reduction ratio reached 5.11%, linked to joint purchasing and other innovations. These results demonstrate that participation in an agricultural cluster reduces risks, increases efficiency, and stabilizes profitability growth. The article also discusses barriers faced by agricultural enterprises, such as financial resource shortages, logistics challenges, and the lack of qualified personnel. Attention is given to the opportunities offered by the agricultural cluster approach, including access to new markets, improved cooperation, and the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. The conclusions highlight the need for favorable conditions to develop agricultural clusters, which would increase the competitiveness of domestic agriculture and ensure food security. The article employs methods such as comparative analysis, synthesis, and SWOT analysis.