This article discusses the issues of cluster policy formation in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of studying the experience of leading countries. The research aim is to find new effective tools and institutions for the development of the cluster structuring of the agro-industrial complex economy of Kazakhstan. Cluster policy in the field of supporting regional clusters starts with the identification of already existing clusters in the region, because by viewing the regional economy through the prism of various local industries and innovative enterprises, regional authorities can identify measures of effective impact and support for their clusters. This research examines the possibilities of using clusters and cluster policy as one of the most important components of the policy for the development and support of small and medium-sized enterprises in Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex. The research methodology includes qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods, comparative analysis, and mathematical processing (the Pearson correlation coefficient), as well as the modeling of possible development scenarios. The obtained results show that there are significant opportunities for a wider involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises in the formation of cluster structures of the agro-industrial sector through joint efforts by the government and regional centers in the conditions of innovative development of the country’s economy.

Transition of the economic development traditional model to the green economy is a modern necessity that determines development sustainability not only for individual national economies, but also for the entire planet. Therefore, the promotion of the green economy in Kazakhstan is the main and only true way of development. The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between introduction of digitalization in enterprises and the production development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Kazakhstan in the context of green economy based on the current state analysis of an agro-industrial complex in the country and a forecast for its development. To assess the relationship between indicators of green growth and the introduction of new digital technologies, an inquiry was made of data on the development of innovations in technologies related to the environment. With the help of green growth indicators, directly according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for 2014–2018, Kazakhstan Bureau of Statistics and foresight studies forecast calculations made in this work. In addition, a mathematical model of the indicator “Gross agricultural output of Kazakhstan” was developed using regression analysis in the context of crop and livestock production in Kazakhstan for the period from 2014–2020, and forecast calculations of this indicator until 2025 are given. Thus, the methodology of this study is based on a comparative, statistical, mathematical and foresight analysis of international and state data on the development of the agro-industrial complex, digitalization and energy consumption (including renewable energy) in Kazakhstan. The results of the study showed that despite the consistently low rates of development of eco-technologies and the renewable energy sources usage in Kazakhstan, a high growth in agricultural GDP is predicted over the studied period. Based on the research results of target indicators of state programs, as well as the study of the agro-industrial complex problems and the possible effect on the introduction of digitalization, the active development of digitalization in all sectors of the agro-industrial complex can lead to «green» growth.

Национальная программа «Развитие мясного животноводства на 2018–2027 гг.» предусматривает тенденцию развития конкурентоспособности мясоперерабатывающих предприятий на технологический рост, где инновации обязаны быть комплексными, включающими все функциональные области, соприкасающиеся с деятельностью предприятий. Инновационное развитие отраслей АПК Казахстана, в том числе животноводства является важным фактором обеспечения продовольственной безопасности государства. Главный признак благосостояния государства – это рост потребления аграрной продукции, в том числе мяса и мясопродуктов на душу населения. В связи с этим необходимо уделить внимание качественному развитию животноводства и росту его продуктивности. К сожалению, мясомолочная продукция Казахстана недостаточно конкурентоспособна, в связи с технологическим отставанием сельскохозяйственных и перерабатывающих предприятий, изношенностью оборудования, отсутствием создания инновационных разработок экологической продукции. В статье рассмотрено текущее состояние мясной промышленности Республики Казахстан и конкретизированы этапы ее развития. На основе анализа статистических данных осуществлена оценка динамики производства, импорта, экспорта мяса и мясных продуктов. Предложены рекомендации по повышению конкурентоспособности продукции и освещены перспективы развития мясоперерабатывающей отрасли Республики Казахстан в современных условиях. Актуальность научной статьи обоснована тем, что мясная промышленность является стратегической отраслью аграрного сектора экономики Казахстана, которая, в свою очередь, считается составной частью системы продовольственной безопасности. В связи с этим необходимо определить основные проблемы, сдерживающие развитие отечественных производителей мясной продукции, несовершенства законодательной сферы, не отлаженности рыночной инфраструктуры. Индустриальное развитие экономики АПК страны, в том числе мясной отрасли требует новых подходов государственного регулирования и разработки мер государственной поддержки данной сферы. Так возникает необходимость выполнения научных исследований по определенной теме, с учетом возникнувших экономических ситуаций развития мясной промышленности. Важность определения задач, относящихся к государственному регулированию экономики Казахстана в сфере мясной промышленности, а также недостаточная изученность некоторых теоретических и практических аспектов развития аграрного сектора, в том числе животноводства определили спектр темы и потребность глубоких исследований этой отрасли. Целью исследования является проведение анализа развития мясной промышленности Республики Казахстан, выявление главных причин, сдерживающих развитие мясоперерабатывающей промышленности и определение направлений, которые будут благоприятствовать повышению конкурентоспособности производимой продукции, вытеснению импорта и росту экспорта. Обзор литературы. Актуальность проблемы, побуждает отечественных ученых к исследованию развития животноводства в современных условиях. В экономической литературе, широко изучаются экономические взаимоотношения между государством и хозяйствующими субъектами, механизмы их регулирования. Вопросам разработки принципиальных...

The goal is to reveal main directions for increasing the efficiency of labor potential of rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of digitalization of the economy, to identify criteria and analyze factors of its growth. Methods – comparative analysis and scientific abstraction, allowing to determine the importance of rural labor resources in production of public goods and increasing reproduction. Results – there is no general indicator that determines the activity of the personnel and conditions for its formation. According to the authors, the prerequisites for this are ecological-geographical, socio-economic, technological development and digital transformation. The priority areas of demographic policy and mechanisms for increasing employment and profitability of rural workers are given. The structure of the agricultural labor market is considered: the level of innovative activity of enterprises in the context of regions; the number of farmers users of the Internet system in different countries. Conclusions – information and communication systems in the economy have reduced the gap in the quality of education between rural and urban schools by more than 30%, and digital entrepreneurship also involves the creation of new enterprises characterized by: the use of digital technologies to improve business operations, the invention of digital business models, interacting with customers and stakeholders through digital platforms. Taking into account the real situation, it is necessary to find opportunities for optimizing the activities of the able-bodied part of the population of the Kazakhstani village, while it is important to analyze the economic and technological needs of economic entities in agricultural sector. Also, the authors focus on some practical problems that the researcher and manager face when assessing the labor potential of rural areas.

The goal – is to show the current situation in the development of poultry farming as the most dynamic branch of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan, to outline the prospects for production of products that can be produced in large quantities in the shortest period of time, regardless of the season. Methods – verbal, graphic, mathematical, iteration. Results – it is noted that many regions of the republic have favorable conditions for expanding the poultry sector, and the products of poultry farms make up the majority of the population's diet. The article presents illustrative materials that analyze the indicators of egg and meat production as the main areas of livestock production and dietary products with a high protein content. Poultry farms can incubate eggs to increase production. In addition, the poultry subcomplex specializes in production of not only meat and edible eggs, but also by-products: feathers, down, organic fertilizers for plants (droppings). Conclusions – problems of the functioning of poultry industry, which is characterized by a big contribution to agricultural economy, are mentioned. Proposals on the efficient use of labor resources and production means, ensuring the stability of cash flow throughout the year, high productivity and profitability, and quick payback of investments have been developed. The stable development of poultry farming will provide a number of indisputable advantages in the future: a new level of small and medium-sized businesses, the emergence of additional jobs, the provision of domestic high-quality products, and decrease in the share of imports. Purposeful work aimed to improve the fodder base, introduction of resource-saving energy-intensive technologies are essetial.