The aim of this study was to invent herbal-based medicine, which acts as an immunomodulator and antifungal agent to treat fungal infection in immunocompromised patients

Kacang goats are small ruminants produced by low-income households in smallholder and farm to reduce poverty and prevent undernutrition. Studies to find a cryopreservation protocol for Kacang goat semen are expected to multiplication of genetically superior animals selected by the paternal lineage. This study evaluated the effect of thawing temperature and supplementation of the green tea extract nanoparticle in skim milk-egg yolk (SM-EY) extender on post-thaw sperm quality of Kacang goat semen. Six ejaculates of Kacang goat were diluted in SM-EY supplemented or not (control group) with 0.001 mg/mL NPs GTE. The diluted semen was packaged with 0.25 mL straws (insemination dose: 60x10⁶ sptz/mL) and cryopreserved. Then, six samples of the control group and NPs GTE groups were thawed at 37°C or 39°C sterile water for 30 s and submitted to sperm quality evaluations. The sperm viability, motility, and intact of the plasma membrane (IPM) were higher (p<0.05) in NPs GTE group than control group. In contrast, the NPs GTE group presented lower (p 0.05) between the control and NPs GTE groups. Thawing at 39°C resulted in higher (p<0.05) sperm viability, motility, and IPM than thawing at 37°C. However, thawing at 39°C group presented lower (p0.05) between thawing at 37°C and thawing at 37°C. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.001 mg/mL of NPs GTE in SM-EY extender and thawing temperature of 39°C resulted in a better quality of frozen-thawed Kacang goat semen.

Teh adalah minuman terpopuler kedua setelah air putih di dunia. Konsumsi teh hitam di Indonesia lebih banyak dibandingkan teh hijau. Daun teh mengandung antioksidan yang dapat mencegah penyakit degeneratif seperti kanker. Teh hijau memiliki senyawa antioksidan total lebih banyak dibandingkan jenis teh lainnya. Antioksidan dalam teh terutama diperoleh dari senyawa katekin, sehingga semakin tinggi nilai total katekin maka aktivitas antioksidannya semakin besar. Berbeda dengan teh hitam yang mengalami proses fermentasi sebelum dikemas menjadi olahan teh, teh hijau tidak difermentasi. Ulasan ini menegaskan kembali aktivitas antioksidan teh hijau dibandingkan teh hitam berdasarkan total katekin dan nilai IC50Â DPPH. Aktivitas antioksidan teh hijau lebih besar dibandingkan teh hitam. Nilai total katekin pada teh hijau lebih besar dibandingkan teh hitam, sedangkan nilai IC50Â DPPH pada teh hijau lebih kecil dibandingkan teh hitam. Hasil tinjauan literatur ini merekomendasikan bahwa penelitian lebih lanjut dapat dikembangkan berdasarkan potensi aktivitas teh hijau dan teh hitam

Context: Dengue is one of the most common infectious diseases found in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in urban and semi-urban areas. Management dengue until now has not had a specific therapy. The development of dengue therapy using traditional plants as the main source of dengue therapy is needed. Sterculia quadrifida R. Br stem bark is one of the traditional plants in Indonesia, widely used by local people to treat various diseases. Aims: To identify the potency of S. quadrifida stem bark extract against the envelope protein and NS5 RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) in dengue infection through in silico approach. Methods: All ligands from S. quadrifida stem bark extract from the previous study and protein preparations were retrieved from the PubChem and RSCB data bank database, respectively. Drug-likeness using Lipinski’s rule of five methods. Pyrx, PyMOL, and Discovery Studio 2.0 were used to analyze and visualize the potency of S. quadrifida stem bark-specific compounds against the envelope and NS5 RdRp. Results: Epicatechin and scopoletin have the lowest affinity bond, some noncovalent interaction, and also similarity in the position of the amino acid interaction to the reference control ribavirin. Conclusions: Epicatechin and scopoletin from S. quadrifida have antiviral potential against dengue by disposing of envelope protein and NS5 RdRp.

This paper explains the development of a quick and easy gas chromatography (GC) approach to identify methamphetamine in urine. This research used gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy and a capillary column TG-5SILMS (5% phenyl methyl siloxane, 30 m x 0.32 x 25 m). The carrier gas flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/minute, the temperature inlet and detector had been set at 300°C, and the oven temperature was programmed to initiate at 50°C and held for 1.5 minutes before being raised to 300°C at a rate 40°C/minute and held for 3 minutes. Sample pre-treatment by modification of the QuEChERS method includes using a relatively large amount of inorganic salt, extraction volume and extraction cycle. The optimal conditions for processing a 400 uL urine sample were 160 mg magnesium sulphate, 40 mg sodium chloride, and 400 uL acetonitrile for organic solvent. According to the validation test, the detection limit for methamphetamine was 0.36 ug/mL; the quantitation limit was 1.09 ug/mL, and the calibration curve followed the regression line. y=1.0489x-3.7914, coefficient (r) was 0.9973. The recovery of the analyte spiked into urine at 5, 7 and 9 ug/mL on average was 100.5±2.33% for intraday dan 93.3±7.21% for interday. The precision was excellent, with an average coefficient of variation of 2.31%. The procedure was applied to four urine samples from drug users and the first abuser (25.51 ug/mL), the second abuser (15.05 ug/mL), the third abuser (17.72 ug/mL) and the last abuser (3.08 ug/mL) were all satisfactorily quantitated.

MATERIAL AND METHODS Chemicals and reagents C. albicans ATCC 14053, C. albicans, which may form biofilms, was isolated from patient Dermatology and Venereology and Obstetrics and Gynecology from a ABSTRACT Context: Candida albicans is a type of fungus that can produce biofilms and may cause Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) disease. We investigated the effect of environment on biofilm formation of C. albicans patient isolates and ATCC 14053. Biofilm formation is influenced by several factors such as environments and nutrients. Objectives: To investigated the effect of environment on biofilm formation of C. albicans patient isolates and ATCC 14053. Methods: The samples using C. albicans ATCC 14053, C. albicans, which may form biofilms, was isolated from patient Dermatology and Venereology and Obstetrics and Gynecology from a hospital in Malang. TCP (A tissue Culture Plate) is the biofilm formation method used. Results: Biofilm formation took 48-72 hours at 25 °C and 96-120 hours at 37 °C. Based on the result biofilm formation of C. albicans is influenced by environmental factors and characterized by a high OD value. Conclusions: Biofilm formation is accelerated in temperature incubation needed at 25 °C for 48-72 hours, using biomass 10 7 CFU/mL, nutrition using Potato Dextrose Broth media and 1% glucose, and the solvent of 30% acetic acid to obtain acid condition.