Due to the low adhesion observed at the interface between solid and liquid, superhydrophobic coatings hold significant promise for various applications, such as self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, and drag reduction. However, a notable challenge hindering their widespread adoption in these domains lies in their delicate durability. In this study, we propose a straightforward method for preparation. The fluorosilicone resin is initially discretized through a gradual introduction of nonsolvent into its solution, followed by thorough mixing and stirring with silica nanoparticles. The resulting mixture is then sprayed onto the substrate surface after drying, forming a self-similar, porous, and rough structure extending from top to bottom. This process yields a coating exhibiting excellent chemical and mechanical durability simultaneously. Using this approach, we achieved a superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle of 156° and a roll angle of 2.2°, with water droplet adhesion of only 10.8 ± 0.4 µN. Remarkably, the coating maintained excellent superhydrophobicity even after undergoing sandpaper abrasion (10 m), tape peeling (30 times), and prolonged water impact (60 min), showing its robust mechanical stability. Furthermore, following exposure to acid, alkali, and aqueous solutions (7 days), UV irradiation (10 days), and extreme temperature variations (–20 °C to 80 °C), the coatings retained their superhydrophobic properties and exhibited good chemical durability. This method offers a novel approach to enhance the durability and practicality of superhydrophobic coatings.

Membrane tubes, a class of soft biological confinement for ubiquitous transport intermediates, are essential for cell trafficking and intercellular communication. However, the confinement interaction and directional migration of diffusive nanoparticles (NPs) are widely dismissed as improbable due to the surrounding environment compressive force. Here, combined with the mechanics analysis of nanoparticles (such as extracellular vesicles, EVs) to study their interaction in confinement, we perform dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations to construct a model that is as large as possible to clarify the submissive behavior of NPs. Both molecular simulations and mechanical analysis revealed that the interactions between NPs are controlled by confinement deformation and the centroid distance of the NPs. When the centroid distance exceeds a threshold value, the degree of crowding variation becomes invalid for NPs motion. The above conclusions are further supported by the observed dynamics of multiple NPs under confinement. These findings provide new insights into the physical mechanism, revealing that the confinement squeeze generated by asymmetric deformation serves as the key factor governing the directional movement of the NPs. Therefore, the constraints acting on NPs differ between rigid confinement and soft confinement environments, with NPs maintaining relative stillness in rigid confinement.