Microbiota has been closely related to human beings, whose role in tumor development has also been widely investigated. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the gut, oral, and/or skin microbiota. In recent years, the study of intratumoral microbiota has become a hot topic in tumor-concerning studies. Intratumoral microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and response to treatment of malignant tumors. In fact, increasing evidence has suggested that intratumoral microbiota is associated with malignant tumors in various ways, such as promoting the tumor development and affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, the impact of intratumoral microbiota on the immune microenvironment of malignant tumors has been analyzed, as well as its role in tumor immunotherapy, with the hope that it may contribute to the development of diagnostic tools and treatments for related tumors in the future.

Primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery is a rare malignant tumor originating from the pulmonary artery, which has a low incidence rate and is easily misdiagnosed as pulmonary embolism. There is no standard protocol for the treatment of primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery. This study reports a patient with primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery who was admitted to our hospital in 2017. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of the patient were retrospectively analyzed. The patient was a Chinese Han male aged 44 years. He had three consecutive episodes of syncope, and was thus admitted to a local hospital. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography showed multiple lesions with abnormal densities in the pulmonary trunk, left pulmonary artery, mediastinum and pericardium, which were consistent with recurrence after tumor resection. He underwent surgery, and was pathologically diagnosed with intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery. He relapsed 3 mo after surgery, and apatinib was administered. His condition was stable after 4 mo, with tolerable and controllable adverse reactions. He subsequently died 19 mo after surgery. Primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery has no specific clinical or imaging manifestations. The diagnosis of this disease depends on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and has a poor clinical prognosis. Surgical treatment is currently a favorable option for primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery, and targeted therapy may provide new insights for the development of effective treatment methods.

Background: Malnutrition and weight loss are prevalent in patients with gastric cancer throughout the treatment trajectory, impairing prognosis. Although individualized nutritional counseling is recommended, the comparative efficacy of emerging digital health (mHealth) versus conventional face-to-face delivery modes remains to be synthesized. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to December 31, 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing individualized nutritional counseling with usual care. Primary outcomes were nutritional status (PG-SGA score) and body weight. Secondary outcomes included quality of life (QoL) and biochemical markers. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Results: Nine RCTs ( n = 963) were included. Counseling significantly improved PG-SGA scores overall (WMD = -1.16 [-1.50, -0.83], P < 0.001), with efficacy observed in both subgroups. While overall weight change was insignificant ( P = 0.129), subgroup analysis revealed a distinct divergence: face-to-face counseling significantly preserved body weight (WMD = 2.65 kg [1.62, 3.68], P < 0.001), whereas mHealth did not ( P = 0.661). Conversely, regarding QoL (Overall SMD = 0.84, P < 0.001), the mHealth subgroup demonstrated significant improvement (SMD = 0.30 [0.07, 0.53], P = 0.011), while the face-to-face subgroup did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.055). No significant differences were observed in albumin or hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: Individualized nutritional counseling improves subjective nutritional status and QoL compared to usual care. Subgroup results suggest that interventions delivered face-to-face, which often involved higher clinical intensity, were associated with better weight preservation, whereas structured mHealth interventions consistently enhanced quality of life. A stratified care model utilizing face-to-face sessions for weight maintenance and mHealth for long-term symptom management is recommended. PROSPERO registration number: CRD420261290589