A eutectic salt mixture (LiCl/ZnCl₂) as a template plays a dual role by rendering sufficient surface area and a source of Zn²⁺ for in situ formation of ZnS. The resulting composites as an anode exhibit superior performance compared to pure ZnS.

Effluent-containing dye molecules is a significant environmental hazard. An economical and energy-saving solution is needed to combat this issue for the purpose of environmental sustainability. In this study, Fe-Ni-Co-based trimetallic nanocomposite was synthesized using the coprecipitation method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy were conducted to explore the physical morphology, phase structure and functional groups of the synthesized catalyst. Among dyes, methyl orange is considered as a major contaminant in textile effluent. The current study focused on the degradation of methyl orange using a trimetallic Fe-Ni-Co-based nanocomposite. A central composite design in response surface methodology was employed to analyze the independent variables including dye concentration, catalyst dose, temperature, hydrogen peroxide, irradiation time, and pH. Dye degradation has been achieved up to 81% in 20 min at the lowest initial concentration (5 mg/L) in optimized conditions. Based on ANOVA, the predicted values were in great agreement with the actual values, signifying the applicability of response surface methodology in the photocatalytic decolorization of dyeing effluents. The results gained from this research demonstrated that the synthesis method of trimetallic nanocomposite (Iron Triad) is a cost-effective and energy efficient method that can be scaled up to a higher level for industrial application.

In the present work, nitrogen and sulphur co-doped porous carbon materials are obtained by using ammonium sulphate as a template. The multi-role of ammonium sulphate as an activating agent and as nitrogen and sulphur dopant is investigated. The resulting porous carbon material achieved high doping level (9.3 at% for nitrogen and 3.5 at% for sulphur) and increased interlayer spacing from 0.35 to 0.38 nm which improves the storage kinetics of Na ⁺ -ions inside the carbon lattice. The synthesized materials, when used as negative electrodes for sodium-ion battery, provide promising electrochemical performance with a reversible storage capacity of 439 mAh g ⁻¹ at a current density of 10 mA g ⁻¹ . The storage capacity of ∼100 mAh g ⁻¹ with capacity retention of 62% retained after 200 cycles at 220 mA g ⁻¹ . This work presents the multifunctional roles of ammonium sulphate in achieving the nitrogen and sulphur co-doped porous carbon materials.