Inflammation is a pivotal factor in the development and advancement of conditions like NAFLD and asthma. Diet can affect several phases of inflammation and significantly influence multiple inflammatory disorders. Siraitia grosvenorii, a traditional Chinese edible and medicinal plant, is considered beneficial to health. Flavonoids can suppress inflammatory cytokines, which play a crucial role in regulating inflammation. In the present experiments, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-7-O-β-D-xylosyl(1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnoside (SGPF) is a flavonoid glycoside that was first isolated from S. grosvenorii. A series of experimental investigations were carried out to investigate whether the flavonoid component has anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in this plant. The researchers showed that SGPF has a stronger modulation of protein expression in LPS-induced macrophages (MH-S) and OA-induced HepG2 cells. The drug was dose-dependent on cells, and in the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, SGPF regulated all protein expression. SGPF has a clear anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective function in inflammatory conditions.

Siraitia grosvenorii (S. grosvenorii), a traditional medicine food homology plant, serves both dietary and medicinal purposes and is increasingly exploited for its bioactivities in pharmaceuticals and nutritional value. In this research, fifteen glycosides including three new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides named Luohanguosides A–C (1–3) and twelve known ones (4–15) have been isolated from the aqueous extract of fresh S. grosvenorii fruits. A comprehensive analysis of 1D, 2D-NMR, HRESIMS techniques along with some other spectroscopic methods led to the elucidation of their chemical structures. Further investigation focused on the hepatoprotective activities of compounds 1–15. It turned out that compounds 1, 5, and 10 exhibited significant hepatoprotective activities compared to bicyclol under the same concentration (20 μM), providing scientific support for further research on S.grosvenorii products for their preventive potential of hepatic diseases.